Spring MVC异常统一处理

Spring 统一异常处理有 3 种方式

使用 @ ExceptionHandler 注解

@Controller      
public class GlobalController {               
 
   /**    
     * 用于处理异常的    
     * @return    
     */      
    @ExceptionHandler({MyException.class})       
    public String exception(MyException e) {       
        System.out.println(e.getMessage());       
        e.printStackTrace();       
        return "exception";       
    }       
 
    @RequestMapping("test")       
    public void test() {       
        throw new MyException("出错了！");       
    }                    
}

该方法不能全局控制异常，每个类都要写一遍

实现 HandlerExceptionResolver 接口

@Component  
public class ExceptionTest implements HandlerExceptionResolver{  
 
    /**  
     * TODO 简单描述该方法的实现功能（可选）.  
     * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver#resolveException(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse, java.lang.Object, java.lang.Exception)  
     */   
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,  
            Exception ex) {  
        System.out.println("This is exception handler method!");  
        return null;  
    }  
}

该方式可以进行全局的异常控制

使用 @ControllerAdvice+ @ ExceptionHandler 注解

@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
public class WebExceptionHandle {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebExceptionHandle.class);
    /**
     * 400 - Bad Request
     */
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    @ExceptionHandler(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class)
    public ServiceResponse handleHttpMessageNotReadableException(HttpMessageNotReadableException e) {
        logger.error("参数解析失败", e);
        return ServiceResponseHandle.failed("could_not_read_json");
    }
    
    /**
     * 405 - Method Not Allowed
     */
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
    @ExceptionHandler(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class)
    public ServiceResponse handleHttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException e) {
        logger.error("不支持当前请求方法", e);
        return ServiceResponseHandle.failed("request_method_not_supported");
    }
 
    /**
     * 415 - Unsupported Media Type
     */
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE)
    @ExceptionHandler(HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException.class)
    public ServiceResponse handleHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(Exception e) {
        logger.error("不支持当前媒体类型", e);
        return ServiceResponseHandle.failed("content_type_not_supported");
    }
 
    /**
     * 500 - Internal Server Error
     */
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ServiceResponse handleException(Exception e) {
        if (e instanceof BusinessException){
            return ServiceResponseHandle.failed("BUSINESS_ERROR", e.getMessage());
        }
        
        logger.error("服务运行异常", e);
        e.printStackTrace();
        return ServiceResponseHandle.failed("server_error");
    }
}

如果 @ExceptionHandler 注解中未声明要处理的异常类型，则默认为参数列表中的异常类型。所以还可以写成这样：

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
 
    @ExceptionHandler()
    @ResponseBody
    String handleException(Exception e){
        return "Exception Deal! " + e.getMessage();
    }
}

参数对象就是 Controller 层抛出的异常对象
继承 ResponseEntityExceptionHandler 类来实现针对 Rest 接口 的全局异常捕获，并且可以返回自定义格式：

@Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionHandlerBean  extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
 
    /**
     * 数据找不到异常
     * @param ex
     * @param request
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({DataNotFoundException.class})
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleDataNotFoundException(RuntimeException ex, WebRequest request) throws IOException {
        return getResponseEntity(ex,request,ReturnStatusCode.DataNotFoundException);
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据各种异常构建 ResponseEntity 实体. 服务于以上各种异常
     * @param ex
     * @param request
     * @param specificException
     * @return
     */
    private ResponseEntity<Object> getResponseEntity(RuntimeException ex, WebRequest request, ReturnStatusCode specificException) {
 
        ReturnTemplate returnTemplate = new ReturnTemplate();
        returnTemplate.setStatusCode(specificException);
        returnTemplate.setErrorMsg(ex.getMessage());
 
        return handleExceptionInternal(ex, returnTemplate,
                new HttpHeaders(), HttpStatus.OK, request);
    }
 
}