蓝牙设备

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-28 22:43:17 发布

TimPika

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-28 22:43:17 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TimPika/article/details/96264977

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一.蓝牙的介绍:

是以中无限技术标准,可以实现固定设备、移动设备和楼宇个人域网之间的短距离数据交换，主要掌握这几项技能:
1.添加权限:

 <!-- 用于进行网络定位 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <!-- 用于访问GPS定位 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>

打开蓝牙并设置允许被搜索

 //调用系统开关蓝牙弹窗->用户手动允许
 Intent intent = new Intent();
 intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);//开启蓝
    intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//允许蓝牙被搜索
   intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);//设置允许被搜索时间200s内可以被搜索到
    startActivityForResult(intent,100);

关闭蓝牙

bluetoothAdapter.disable();//强制关闭蓝牙

搜索附近的蓝牙

bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//搜索

配对蓝牙：

bluetoothDevice.createBond();//发起配对

获得已经配对的蓝牙设备：

adapter.getBondedDevices();

使用蓝牙传输数据：socket和ServerSocket传输数据

//1.获得客户端Socket
BluetoothSocket socket = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
socket.connect();
//2.获得服务端Socket
BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(bluetoothAdapter.getName(),uuid);
serverSocket.accpet();

二.蓝牙的作用:

在这里插入图片描述

可以实现手机蓝牙与其他设备蓝牙进行连接

三.蓝牙的工作原理以及涉及到的类

在这里插入图片描述
BluetoothManager 蓝牙管理类，管理BluetoothAdapter。主要负责管理蓝牙的本地连接。
BluetoothAdapter 蓝牙适配器类：代表本蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice 蓝牙设备，配对后的远程蓝牙设备.
BluetoothServiceSocket 服务端连接类
BluetoothSocket：客户端连接类
UUID（universal unique identifier ，全局唯一标识符）
格式如下：UUID格式一般是”xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”，可到http://www.uuidgenerator.com 申请。UUID分为5段，是一个8-4-4-4-12的字符串，这个字符串要求永不重复。蓝牙建立连接时双方必须使用固定的UUID
例如：文件传输服务
OBEXFileTransferServiceClass_UUID = ‘{00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}’

四.蓝牙客户端代码:

如何区分客户端和服务端？如果设备A连接设备B 那么A就是客户端，B就是服务端。

客户端功能：打开蓝牙/关闭蓝牙/搜索附近蓝牙设备/点击其中一个建立连接~

在这里插入图片描述
（0）添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>

MainActivity代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener,MainAdapter.OnItemClick{
 private Button mStart,mStop,mSearch;
    private RecyclerView mRv;
    private BluetoothManager manager;
    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    private List<BluetoothDevice>list=new ArrayList<>();
    private BluetoothReceiver receiver;
    private MainAdapter adapter;
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
        initBluetooth();
    }
    private void init(){
        mStart = findViewById(R.id.startBtn);
        mStop = findViewById(R.id.stopBtn);
        mSearch = findViewById(R.id.searchBtn);
        mRv = findViewById(R.id.rv);
        mStart.setOnClickListener(this);
        mStop.setOnClickListener(this);
        mSearch.setOnClickListener(this);
        LinearLayoutManager manager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        manager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRv.setLayoutManager(manager);
    }
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    private void initBluetooth(){
         manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
         bluetoothAdapter = manager.getAdapter();
         if (bluetoothAdapter == null){
             Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙设备故障",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
             return;
         }
         receiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//
        filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
        registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
    }
 @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver);
    }
@Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (R.id.startBtn == view.getId()){
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
            intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);
            startActivityForResult(intent,100);
        }else if (R.id.stopBtn == view.getId()){
            bluetoothAdapter.disable();
        }else if (R.id.searchBtn == view.getId()){
            bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//搜索
        }
    }
@Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == 100){
            if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
                Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙启动",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙未启动",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
 @Override
    public void OnItem(int index) {
         //发起绑定->搜索到的蓝牙设备中的一台
        BluetoothDevice device = list.get(index);
        device.createBond();
}
 private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
                //搜索到一台设备广播
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                list.add(device);
            }else if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
                //搜索完成
                //绑定适配器
                adapter = new MainAdapter(list);
                adapter.setClick(MainActivity.this);
                mRv.setAdapter(adapter);
            }else if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)){
                //绑定状态改变
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                int state = device.getBondState();
                if (state == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){
                    //发起蓝牙连接线程
                    new BluetoothThread(device).start();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端线程代码

public class BluetoothThread extends Thread {
private UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
    private String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/xxyy.txt";
    private BluetoothDevice device;
public BluetoothThread(BluetoothDevice device){
        this.device = device;
    }
 @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        try {
            BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
            socket.connect();//建立连接
            Log.e("lhf","客户端建立连接");
            FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
            OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
            byte[]buff = new byte[1024];
            int leng = 0;
            while ((leng=inputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
                out.write(buff,0,leng);
            }
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    }

五.蓝牙服务端代码:

服务端是被连接者，只有打开蓝牙和关闭蓝牙的功能~
（0）添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>

@Override
 public void run() {
     super.run();
     try {
         BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = adapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(adapter.getName(),uuid);
         //侦听连接过来的socket
         BluetoothSocket socket = serverSocket.accept();
         Log.e("lhf","蓝牙连接成功");
         InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
         //向本地sd卡保存文件的输出流
         FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path);
         byte[]buff = new byte[1024];
         int leng = 0;
         while ((leng=in.read(buff))!=-1){
             out.write(buff,0,leng);
             Log.e("lhf","服务器边读边保存");
         }
         out.flush();
         out.close();
         in.close();
     } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }
 }