Linux 高并发学习笔记 - Linux 文件操作函数

1.6.2 Linux 文件操作函数

Linux 高并发学习笔记 - 笔记索引

前言

关于文件操作函数这一块主要用英文文档的形势书写，因为凉皮在写文档的时候发现Markdown用起来太繁琐了。那么关于函数这一块主要也是读文档就能解决的了。

关于文档可以使用Linux命令man 2 xxx查看，在后面也写了查看每个文档的命令。

还是需要再次声明的，Linux的文件读写效率低于标准C库的文件读写效率，而本文主要介绍Linux文件读写函数，毕竟这是Linux编程的基础篇嘛。在一般应用场合使用标准C库文件读写函数更好，特别场合使用Linux文件读写函数，至于为什么，凉皮在上篇文章中写到过。

打开文件

• open
• O_RDONLY、O_WRONLY、O_RDWR、O_APPEND、O_NONBLOCK、O_CREAT
• UMASK：在后文的权限操作中，也会与UMASK操作后处理。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
// 	open a file
// 		pathname:
// 			the file path to open
// 		flags:
// 			must and exactly one:
// 				O_RDONLY 	for read only, 
// 				O_WRONLY 	for write only, 
// 				O_RDWR 		for read and write
// 			optional and limitless:
// 				O_APPEND 	for append mode, 
// 				O_NONBLOCK 	for non-block, 
// 				O_CREAT 	for creatable.
// 		mode:
// 			If O_CREATE flag is on, must follow with the key.
// 			Mode is a oct-based number and determine the limits of the new file.
// 			It includes three digits (such as 0664), for user - group - others.
//			And each digit can be extend to three binary-bits, for read - write - execute.
// 			The finally mode will be (mode^~UMASK).
// 			* UMASK:
// 				A mask on the mode to ensure the file didn't give the inappropriate permission. 
// 				Also you can change the value of UMASK, command "$ umask" to show the value.
// 				The default value is 0002. Because giving others write permission is inappropriate.
// 		return value:
// 			file descripor, or -1 for error
int open(const char *pathname, int flags);
int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("open");  // About more: $ man 3 perror

// About more
// $ man 2 open

关闭文件

• close

#include <unistd.h>
// 	close a file
// 	file will automatic close while process ended
// 		fd:
// 			file description
// 		return value:
// 			return 0 for success, -1 for error
int close(int fd);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("close");

// About more
// $ man 2 close

读取文件

• read

#include <unistd.h>
// 	read a file
// 		fd:
// 			file descriptor of a readable file
// 		buf:
// 			he container of data
// 		count:
// 			read size for each time
// 		return value:	
// 			real read size of data, or -1 for error
// 			Because the rest size maybe smaller than ideal. It become zero if read the end of file.
ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("read");

// About more
// $ man 2 read

写入文件

• write

#include <unistd.h>
// similar to read a file
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("write");

// About more
// $ man 2 write

文件指针

• lseek
• SEEK_SET、SEEK_CUR、SEEK_END

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// 	reposition read / write file offset
// 		fd:
// 			file descriptor
// 		offset:
// 			relative offset to whence
// 		whence:
// 			SEEK_SET for BOF, SEEK_CUR for now file offset, SEEK_END for EOF
// 		return value:
// 			absolute file offset
off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("lseek");

// About more
// $ man 2 lseek

int offset = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);	// get now file offset
lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);			// reposition to absolute offset
lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);					// reposition to the end of file

文件截断

• truncate

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
// 	resize the file
// 		path:
// 			the file path
// 		length:
// 			new length of file
// 			append \x00 if become larger and cut down the rest tail if become smaller
// 		return value:
// 			return 0 for success, -1 for error
int truncate(const char *path, off_t length);

// if return value is -1, you can then call to print the error message
#include <stdio.h>
perror("truncate");

// About more
// $ man 2 truncate