线程方法
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更改线程优先级 setPriority(int newPriority)
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指定的毫米数内让当前执行的线程休眠(static void sleep(long millis))
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等待该线程终止(void join())
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暂停当前正在执行的线程对象,并执行其他线程 static void yield()
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中断线程(勿用,容易搞出事)
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测试线程是否处于活动状态
停止线程的方法
一般使用标志flag,让线程自己停止
package com.wang.Thread.state; //测试停止线程 //1.利用次数,让线程正常停止 //2.利用标志位 //3.不要使用stop或destroy等JDK不建议使用的方法 public class TestStop implements Runnable{ private boolean flag = true; @Override public void run(){ int i = 0; while (flag){ System.out.println("Run Thread"+i++); } } //设置一个公开的方法停止线程(转换标志位) public void stop(){ this.flag = false; } public static void main(String[] args) { TestStop testStop = new TestStop(); new Thread(testStop).start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { System.out.println("main"+i); if (i==500){ testStop.stop(); System.out.println("线程停止了"); } } } }
线程的休眠
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sleep制定当前线程的阻塞毫秒数
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sleep存在异常interruptedException
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sleep时间到达后线程进入就绪状态
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sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时等
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每一个对象都有一把锁,sleep不会释放锁
package com.wang.Thread.state; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; //模拟倒计时 public class TestSleep2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //打印当前系统时间 Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); while (true){ try { Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime)); startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //模拟倒计时 public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException { int num = 10; while(true){ Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println(num--); if (num<=0) break;; } } }
线程的礼让
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让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
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将线程从运行转为就绪
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让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功,看CPU“心情”
package com.wang.Thread.state; //测试礼让线程,礼让不一定成功 public class TestYield { public static void main(String[] args) { MyYield myYield = new MyYield(); new Thread(myYield,"a").start(); new Thread(myYield,"b").start(); } } class MyYield implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"线程开始执行"); Thread.yield(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"线程停止执行"); } }
线程强制执行
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Join合并线程,待此线程完成后,再执行其他线程,其他线程阻塞
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插队
package com.wang.Thread.state; //测试join方法,想象为插队 public class TestJoin implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { //测试使用时一定要循环次数大,才比较明显 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { System.out.println("插队的来了"+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { //启动我们的线程 TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(testJoin); thread1.start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { if(i==200){ thread1.join(); } System.out.println("main"+i); } } }
线程状态观测
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NEW
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RUNNABLE
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BLOCKED
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WAITTING
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TIMED_WAITING
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TERMINATED
package com.wang.Thread.state; //观察测试线程的状态 public class TestState { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread thread = new Thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("OOOOOOOO"); }); //观察状态 Thread.State state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state);//new //观察启动后 thread.start(); System.out.println(state);//run //只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态 while(state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){ Thread.sleep(10); state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state); } //死亡之后的线程无法再次启动 } }
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线程死亡后就不能再次启动
线程优先级
Java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行
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优先级用数字表示1-5-10
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getPriority() setPriority()
package com.wang.Thread.state; //测试线程的优先级 public class TestPriority { public static void main(String[] args) { MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority(); Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t0 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority); t0.setPriority(2); t0.start(); t1.start(); t2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); t2.start(); t3.setPriority(8); t3.start(); t4.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); t4.start(); t5.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); t5.start(); //主线程优先级 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); } } class MyPriority implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); } }
优先级高的是可以先跑,但是不一定先运行,只是概率高,还是看CPU的调度
守护线程daemon
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线程分为用户线程和守护线程
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虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
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虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
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如:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等
package com.wang.Thread.state; //测试守护线程 //god bless u public class TestDaemon { public static void main(String[] args) { God god = new God(); You you = new You(); Thread thread = new Thread(god); thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程 thread.start(); new Thread(you).start(); } } class You implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) { System.out.println("一生开心的活着"); } System.out.println("goodbye world"); } } class God implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { while (true){ System.out.println("上帝保佑着你"); } } }
线程同步 *
多个线程操作同一个对象(并发发生时) 秒杀机制 宏观上并行,微观上并发
需要访问该对象的线程进入该对象的对象等待池排队
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锁机制(synchronized)
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一个线程持有锁会导致其他线程挂起
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多线程竞争,会额外的消耗系统资源
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优先级高的等待优先级低的,导致优先级倒置,性能问题
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不安全的案例:
package com.wang.Thread.syn; //不安全的买票 public class UnsafeBuyTicket { public static void main(String[] args) { BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket(); new Thread(buyTicket,"dd").start(); new Thread(buyTicket,"ss").start(); new Thread(buyTicket,"aa").start(); } } class BuyTicket implements Runnable{ //票 private int ticketNums = 10; boolean flag = true; @Override public void run() { //买票 while (flag){ try { buy(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private void buy() throws InterruptedException { //判断是否有票 if(ticketNums<=0){ flag = false; return; } Thread.sleep(100); //买票 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到了"+ticketNums--); } }
同步方法
synchronized关键字机制
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synchronize方法控制对this对象(默认对象)的访问
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每个对象都有一把锁
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每个synchronize方法都要拿到这个锁才能执行
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结束时释放该锁
同步方法锁的太多,浪费资源
package com.wang.Thread.syn; //安全的买票 public class UnsafeBuyTicket { public static void main(String[] args) { BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket(); new Thread(buyTicket,"dd").start(); new Thread(buyTicket,"ss").start(); new Thread(buyTicket,"aa").start(); } } class BuyTicket implements Runnable{ //票 private int ticketNums = 10; boolean flag = true; @Override public void run() { //买票 while (flag){ try { buy(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //变成同步方法,锁的是this private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException { //判断是否有票 if(ticketNums<=0){ flag = false; return; } Thread.sleep(100); //买票 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到了"+ticketNums--); } }
同步块
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synchronized(Obj){}
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称为同步监视器
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Obj可以是任何对象,但是推荐使用共享资源做Obj
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锁的是实际改变的对象
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{}内为要锁住对象之后,才能进行的操作
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package com.wang.Thread.syn; import com.wang.OOP.A; //安全,使用了synchronized // 同步块 public class UnsafeBank { public static void main(String[] args) { //账户 Account account = new Account(100,"买房钱"); Drawing woman = new Drawing(account,100,"女方"); Drawing man = new Drawing(account,50,"男方"); man.start(); woman.start(); } } class Account{ int money; String name; public Account(int money, String name) { this.money = money; this.name = name; } } class Drawing extends Thread{ Account account; //取了多少钱 int drawingMoney; //现在手里的钱 int nowMoney; public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){ this.account = account; this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney; this.nowMoney = nowMoney; } public void run(){ synchronized (account){ if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"没这么多钱"); return; } try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } account.money = account.money - drawingMoney; nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney; System.out.println("余额为"+account.money); System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里有"+nowMoney); } } }
JUC 的CopyOnWriteArrayList
package com.wang.Thread.syn; import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList; //测试JUC安全类型的集合 public class TestJUC { public static void main(String[] args) { CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { new Thread(()->{ list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName()); }); } try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(list.size()); } }
死锁
package com.wang.Thread; //死锁 //等待对方释放资源 public class DeadLock { public static void main(String[] args) { Makeup girl1 = new Makeup(1,"wang"); Makeup girl2 = new Makeup(0,"li"); girl1.start(); girl2.start(); } } class LipStick{ } class Mirror{ } class Makeup extends Thread{ static LipStick lipStick = new LipStick(); static Mirror mirror = new Mirror(); int choice; String girlName; @Override public void run() { makeup(); } Makeup(int choice, String girlName) { this.choice = choice; this.girlName = girlName; } private void makeup(){ if(choice==0){ synchronized (lipStick){ System.out.println(this.girlName+"拿到口红"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } synchronized (mirror){ System.out.println(this.girlName+"拿到镜子"); } } else{ synchronized (mirror){ System.out.println(this.girlName+"拿到镜子"); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } synchronized (lipStick){ System.out.println(this.girlName+"拿到口红"); } } } }
Lock(ReentrantLock)
和synchronized一模一样
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ReentrantLock类实现了Lock,常用
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用于同步问题中加锁
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Lock锁性能更好
生产者消费者问题
synchronized不能用来实现不同线程之间的消息传递
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缓冲区解决方式
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信号灯法
线程通信
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wait() 表示线程一直等待,直到其他线程通知,与sleep不同,会释放锁
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wait(long timeout) 指定等待的毫秒数
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notify() 唤醒一个处于等待状态的线程
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notifyAll() 唤醒同一个对象上所有调用wait()方法的线程,优先级别高的线程优先调度
均是Object类的方法,都只能在同步方法或同步代码块中使用
package com.wang.Advanced; import java.awt.*; //测试生产者消费者模型 //利用缓冲区,管程法 public class TestPC { public static void main(String[] args) { SynContainer container = new SynContainer(); new Productor(container).start(); new Consumer(container).start(); } } class Productor extends Thread{ SynContainer container; public Productor(SynContainer container){ this.container = container; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡"); container.push(new Chicken(i)); } } } class Consumer extends Thread{ SynContainer container; public Consumer(SynContainer container){ this.container = container; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { System.out.println("吃了"+container.pop().id+"只鸡"); } } } class Chicken{ int id;//产品编号 public Chicken(int id) { this.id = id; } } //缓冲区 class SynContainer{ Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10]; int count = 0; //生产者放入产品 public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){ if(count == chickens.length){ //通知等待 try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } chickens[count] = chicken; this.notifyAll(); } //放入产品 chickens[count] = chicken; count++; //通知消费 } //消费者取出产品 public synchronized Chicken pop(){ if(count==0){ //等待生产 try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } count--; Chicken chicken = chickens[count]; this.notifyAll(); return chicken; } }
信号灯法
缓存为1的管程法
线程池
提升性能
思路:提前创建许多线程放入线程池,使用时获取,用完放回,避免频繁销毁创建
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提升响应速度-----减少创建线程的时间
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降低资源消耗-----重复利用池中的线程
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便于线程管理
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corePoolSize 核心池的大小
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maximumPoolSize 最大线程数
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keepAliveTime 线程没有任务时最多保持多长时间后停止
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package com.wang.Advanced; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; //测试线程池 public class TestPool { public static void main(String[] args) { //1.创建服务,创建线程池 //newFixedThreadPool参数为大小 ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); //执行 service.execute(new MyThread()); service.execute(new MyThread()); service.execute(new MyThread()); service.execute(new MyThread()); service.execute(new MyThread()); //2.关闭连接 service.shutdown(); } } class MyThread implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); } }
总结线程的三种创建方法
package com.wang.Advanced; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.Future; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; //回顾线程的创建 public class ThreadSummary { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyThread1().start(); new Thread(new MyThread2()).start(); FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread3()); new Thread(futureTask).start(); try { Integer integer = futureTask.get(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //1.继承Thread类 class MyThread1 extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println("MY THREAD1"); } } //2.实现Runnable接口 class MyThread2 implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println("MY THREAD2"); } } //3.实现Callable接口 class MyThread3 implements Callable<Integer>{ @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { System.out.println("MY THREAD3"); return 100; } }