C++对象的内存布局下

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-21 13:20:13 发布

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重复继承

函数。

字节），而且还有自己的虚函数，自己overwrite覆盖了超类的函数，f1() 为自己的虚函数。

class B

{

public :

int ib;

char cb;

public :

B():ib( 0 ),cb( 'B' ) {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B::f()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf() { cout << "B::Bf()" << endl;}

};

class B1 : public B

{

public :

int ib1;

char cb1;

public :

B1():ib1( 11 ),cb1( '1' ) {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B1::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f1() { cout << "B1::f1()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf1() { cout << "B1::Bf1()" << endl;}

};

class B2: public B

{

public :

int ib2;

char cb2;

public :

B2():ib2( 12 ),cb2( '2' ) {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B2::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f2() { cout << "B2::f2()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf2() { cout << "B2::Bf2()" << endl;}

};

class D : public B1, public B2

{

public :

int id;

char cd;

public :

D():id( 100 ),cd( 'D' ) {}

virtual void f() { cout << "D::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f1() { cout << "D::f1()" << endl;}

virtual void f2() { cout << "D::f2()" << endl;}

virtual void Df() { cout << "D::Df()" << endl;}

};

下）

typedef void (*Fun)( void );

int ** pVtab = NULL;

Fun pFun = NULL;

D d;

pVtab = ( int **)&d;

cout << "[0] D::B1::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 0 ];

cout << " [0] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 1 ];

cout << " [1] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 2 ];

cout << " [2] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 3 ];

cout << " [3] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 4 ];

cout << " [4] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 5 ];

cout << " [5] 0x" << pFun << endl;

cout << "[1] B::ib = " << ( int )pVtab[ 1 ] << endl;

cout << "[2] B::cb = " << ( char )pVtab[ 2 ] << endl;

cout << "[3] B1::ib1 = " << ( int )pVtab[ 3 ] << endl;

cout << "[4] B1::cb1 = " << ( char )pVtab[ 4 ] << endl;

cout << "[5] D::B2::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 0 ];

cout << " [0] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 1 ];

cout << " [1] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 2 ];

cout << " [2] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 3 ];

cout << " [3] " ; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 4 ];

cout << " [4] 0x" << pFun << endl;

cout << "[6] B::ib = " << ( int )pVtab[ 6 ] << endl;

cout << "[7] B::cb = " << ( char )pVtab[ 7 ] << endl;

cout << "[8] B2::ib2 = " << ( int )pVtab[ 8 ] << endl;

cout << "[9] B2::cb2 = " << ( char )pVtab[ 9 ] << endl;

cout << "[10] D::id = " << ( int )pVtab[ 10 ] << endl;

cout << "[11] D::cd = " << ( char )pVtab[ 11 ] << endl;

下面是对于子类实例中的虚函数表的图：

和B2中，其有B1的成员在D继承而来的。所以，如果我们使用以下语句，则会产生二义性编译错误：

D d;

d.ib = 0; //二义性错误

d.B1::ib = 1; //正确

d.B2::ib = 2; //正确

中还是有两个实例，这种继承造成了数据的重复，我们叫这种继承为重复继承。重复的基类数据成员可能并不是我们想要的。所以，C++上述的“重复继承”只需要把B1的语法中加上virtual 在查看D和GCC下的程序大家可以根据我给出的程序自己仿照着写一个去试一试）：

int ** pVtab = NULL;

Fun pFun = NULL;

B1 bb1;

pVtab = ( int **)&bb1;

cout << "[0] B1::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 0 ];

cout << " [0] " ;

pFun(); //B1::f1();

cout << " [1] " ;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 0 ][ 1 ];

pFun(); //B1::bf1();

cout << " [2] " ;

cout << pVtab[ 0 ][ 2 ] << endl;

cout << "[1] = 0x" ;

cout << ( int *)*(( int *)(&bb1)+ 1 ) <<endl; //B1::ib1

cout << "[2] B1::ib1 = " ;

cout << ( int )*(( int *)(&bb1)+ 2 ) <<endl; //B1::ib1

cout << "[3] B1::cb1 = " ;

cout << ( char )*(( int *)(&bb1)+ 3 ) << endl; //B1::cb1

cout << "[4] = 0x" ;

cout << ( int *)*(( int *)(&bb1)+ 4 ) << endl; //NULL

cout << "[5] B::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 0 ];

cout << " [0] " ;

pFun(); //B1::f();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 1 ];

cout << " [1] " ;

pFun(); //B::Bf();

cout << " [2] " ;

cout << "0x" << (Fun)pVtab[ 5 ][ 2 ] << endl;

cout << "[6] B::ib = " ;

cout << ( int )*(( int *)(&bb1)+ 6 ) <<endl; //B::ib

cout << "[7] B::cb = " ;

的对比）：

GCC 3.4.4

VC++ 2003

[1] : B1::f1()

[1] B1::ib1 : 11

[0] : B1::f()

[4] B::ib : 0

[0] B1::_vptr->

[2] 0

ç[2] B1::ib1 = 11

[5] B::_vptr->

[2] 0x00000000

这里，大家可以自己对比一下。关于细节上，我会在后面一并再说。

的（因为VC++的相对要清楚很多，所以这里只给出VC++<span lang="ZH-CN" times="" new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" 'times="" roman'"="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-family: 宋体;">的程序，GCC和GCC [0] : D::f()

[3] : D::f2()

[1] B1::ib1 : 11

[0] : D::f()

[3] : 0

[6] D::id : 100

[0] : D::f()

[9] B::ib : 0

[0] D::B1::_vptr->

[2] D::Df()

ç-4

[4] D::B2::_vptr->

[2] 00000000