服务注册与发现:Eureka、Zookeeper、Consul
负载均衡服务调用:Ribbon
Hystrix断路器
Gateway网关
Config分布式配置中心
Bus消息总线
Stream消息驱动
Sleuth分布式请求链路跟踪
壹、零基础
一、微服务架构零基础理论入门
SpringCloud=分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案,是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体,俗称微服务全家桶。
二、从2.2.x和H版开始说起
springboot版本选择:
git源码地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/
SpringBoot2.0新特性:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/wiki/Spring-Boot-2.0-Release
springcloud版本选择:
git源码地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-cloud
官网:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
官网看cloud版本
springcloud和springboot之间依赖关系:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
三、关于Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换
服务注册中序:Eureka(挂)。zookeeper。Consul。Nacos(百万级推荐)。
服务调用1:Ribbon。LoadBalancer。
服务调用2:Feign(挂)。OpenFeign。
服务降级:Hystrix(挂)。resilience4j。sentienl(推荐)。
服务网关:Zuul(挂)。Zuul2(未出)。gateway(推荐)。
服务配置:Config(挂)。Nacos(推荐)。
服务总线:Bus(挂)。Nacos(推荐)。
参考资料:
1. Spring Cloud:https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Hoxton.SR1/reference/htmlsingle/
2. Spring Cloud中文文档:https://www.bookstack.cn/read/spring-cloud-docs/docs-index.md
3. Spring Boot:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/
四、微服务架构编码构建
4.1 引入依赖
-
<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 --
>
-
<properties
>
-
<project.build.sourceEncoding
>UTF-
8
<
/project.build.sourceEncoding
>
-
<maven.compiler.
source
>
1.8
<
/maven.compiler.
source
>
-
<maven.compiler.target
>
1.8
<
/maven.compiler.target
>
-
<junit.version
>
4.12
<
/junit.version
>
-
<log
4j.version
>
1.2.17
<
/log
4j.version
>
-
<lombok.version
>
1.16.18
<
/lombok.version
>
-
<mysql.version
>
5.1.47
<
/mysql.version
>
-
<druid.version
>
1.1.16
<
/druid.version
>
-
<mybatis.spring.boot.version
>
1.3.0
<
/mybatis.spring.boot.version
>
-
<
/properties
>
-
<!-- 子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本
+子modlue不用写groupId和version --
>
-
<dependencyManagement
>
-
<dependencies
>
-
<!--spring boot
2.2.2--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-dependencies
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
2.2.2.
RELEASE
<
/version
>
-
<
type
>pom
<
/
type
>
-
<scope
>import
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR
1--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-dependencies
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>Hoxton.SR
1
<
/version
>
-
<
type
>pom
<
/
type
>
-
<scope
>import
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<!--spring cloud alibaba
2.1.0.
RELEASE--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>com.alibaba.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
2.1.0.
RELEASE
<
/version
>
-
<
type
>pom
<
/
type
>
-
<scope
>import
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>mysql
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>mysql-connector-java
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${mysql.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>com.alibaba
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>druid
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${druid.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.mybatis.spring.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>mybatis-spring-boot-starter
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>junit
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>junit
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${junit.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>log
4j
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>log
4j
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${log
4j.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${lombok.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<
/dependencies
>
-
<
/dependencyManagement
>
-
<build
>
-
<plugins
>
-
<plugin
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-maven-plugin
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
2.2.1.
RELEASE
<
/version
>
-
<
configuration
>
-
<fork
>
true
<
/fork
>
-
<addResources
>
true
<
/addResources
>
-
<
/
configuration
>
-
<
/plugin
>
-
<
/plugins
>
-
<
/build
>
DependencyManagement和Dependencies的区别:
<DependencyManagement>是父类定义的坐标版本号,用在父工程,类似于规范将全工程的版本统一,只负责定义,而不负责引入实现。真正引入依赖的是子类<dependencies>定义的版本号。如果子类没指定版本号,默认是用父类的。如果子类指定了版本号,则版本号用子类指定的(如果不在子项目中声明依赖,不会从父项目中继承。只要在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体的版本,才会从父项目中继承该项,并且version和scope都读取自父pom)。
maven中跳过单元测试:
4.2 支付模块构建
1.建module:右键项目新建Module
2.改POM
-
<dependencies
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.mybatis.spring.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>mybatis-spring-boot-starter
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>com.alibaba
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>druid-spring-boot-starter
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
1.1.10
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<!--mysql-connector-java--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>mysql
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>mysql-connector-java
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<!--jdbc--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-jdbc
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-test
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>
test
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<
/dependencies
>
3. 写YML
在cloud-provider-payment8001的resources下创建application.yml文件,注意要变成绿色树叶:
-
server:
-
port:
8081
-
-
spring:
-
application:
-
name: cloud-payment-service
-
datasource:
-
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
-
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
-
url: jdbc:mysql:
/
/localhost:
3306
/db
2019?useUnicode
=
true
&characterEncoding
=utf-
8
&usrSSL
=
false
-
username: root
-
password:
111111
-
-
mybatis:
-
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper
/
*.xml #在mapper包下创建.xml配置文件
-
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entities下创建实体类
4. 主启动
在src/main/java/com/atguigu/springcloud包下创建PaymentMain8001类,加上@SpringBootApplication作为主启动类:
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
public
class
PaymentMain8001 {
-
public
static
void
main(
String[] args){
-
SpringApplication.
run(
PaymentMain8001.
class,args);
-
}
-
}
5. 业务类
5.1 建表SQL
-
CREATE
TABLE `payment`(
-
`id` bigint(
20)
NOT
NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT
'ID',
-
`serial` varchar(
200)
DEFAULT
'',
-
PRIMARY
KEY(`id`)
-
)ENGINE
=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT
=
1
DEFAULT CHARSET
=utf
8
5.2 entities实体类
在java/com/atguigu/springcloud下创建entities包,在其下创建Payment类:
主实体Payment代码:
-
public
class
Payment
implements
Serializable {
-
private
Long id;
-
private
String serial;
-
public
Long
getId(
) {
return id;}
-
public
void
setId(
Long id) {
this.
id = id;}
-
public
String
getSerial(
) {
return serial;}
-
public
void
setSerial(
String serial) {
this.
serial = serial;}
-
public
Payment(
Long id,
String serial) {
this.
id = id;
this.
serial = serial;}
-
public
Payment() {}
-
}
Json封装体CommonResult
在entities包下创建CommonResult类:
-
public
class
CommonResult<T> {
-
private
Integer code;
-
private
String message;
-
private T data;
-
public
CommonResult(
Integer code,
String message){
this(code,message,
null);}
-
public
CommonResult(
Integer code,
String message, T data) {
this.
code = code;
this.
message = message;
this.
data = data;}
-
public
CommonResult() {}
-
public
Integer
getCode(
) {
return code;}
-
public
void
setCode(
Integer code) {
this.
code = code;}
-
public
String
getMessage(
) {
return message;}
-
public
void
setMessage(
String message) {
this.
message = message;}
-
public T
getData(
) {
return data;}
-
public
void
setData(
T data) {
this.
data = data;}
-
}
1. @Data
是一个Lombok注解,用于自动生成Java类的常见方法,如getter、setter、toString、equals和hashCode方法。
2. this(code, message, null)
表示调用当前类的另一个构造函数CommonResult(Integer code, String message, Object data)
,并传递参数code
、message
和null。
3. @AllArgsConstructor
是Lombok注解之一,用于自动生成一个包含所有参数的构造函数。
5.3 dao
创建dao包,在其下创建PaymentDao接口,记得写@Mapper注解:
-
@Mapper
-
public interface PaymentDao {
-
public
int
create(Payment payment);
-
public
Payment
getPaymentById(
@Param(
"id") Long id);
-
}
mybatis的映射文件:
在resources下创建mapper包,创建PaymentMapper.xml映射文件:
1. parameterType是用来指定传入SQL语句的参数类型。
2. resultMap用来指定查询结果映射到哪个Java对象上。
3. column是数据库字段,property是java对象属性。
4.keyProperty
:用于指定自动生成的主键值要被设置到Java实体类的哪个属性上。
resultMap映射属性,用于防止命名不规范造成错误:
-
<?xml version
=
"1.0" encoding
=
"UTF-8" ?
>
-
<!DOCTYPE mapper
-
PUBLIC
"-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
-
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"
>
-
<mapper namespace
=
"com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao"
>
-
<insert id
=
"create" parameterType
=
"Payment" useGeneratedKeys
=
"true" keyProperty
=
"id"
>
-
insert
into payment(serial)
values(#{serial});
-
<
/insert
>
-
<resultMap id
=
"BaseResultMap"
type
=
"com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment"
>
-
<id
column
=
"id"
property
=
"id" jdbcType
=
"BIGINT"
/
>
-
<id
column
=
"serial"
property
=
"serial" jdbcType
=
"VARCHAR"
/
>
-
<
/resultMap
>
-
<
select id
=
"getPaymentById" parameterType
=
"Long" resultMap
=
"BaseResultMap"
>
-
select
*
from payment where id
=#{id};
-
<
/
select
>
-
<
/mapper
>
5.4 service
在springcloud下创建service包,创建PaymentService接口:
-
public
interface
PaymentService{
-
public
int
create(Payment payment);
-
public
Payment
getPatmentById(
@Param(
"id") Long id);
-
}
1. @Param注解的作用是给方法参数起别名,@Param注解的作用是给方法参数起别名。@Param("id")表示给方法参数id起别名为"id"。这样在SQL映射文件中可以使用#{id}来引用这个参数。
创建PaymentServiceImpl实现类,记得写@Service注解
1. @Resource注解是用来标记一个需要依赖注入的对象。可以根据名称进行依赖注入,也可以根据类型进行依赖注入。
-
@Service
-
public
class
PaymentServiceImpl
implements
PaymentService {
-
@Resource
-
private
PaymentDao paymentDao;
-
-
public int
create(
Payment payment) {
-
return paymentDao.
create(payment);
-
}
-
public
Payment
getPatmentById(
Long id) {
-
return paymentDao.
getPaymentById(id);
-
}
-
}
5.5 controller
在springcloud下创建controller包,然后创建PaymentController类:
1. @GetMapping注解用于将HTTP的GET请求映射到相应的处理方法上。
2. @PathVariable注解用于将URL路径中的变量值绑定到方法参数上。
-
@RestController
-
public
class
PaymentController {
-
@Resource
-
private PaymentService paymentService;
-
@PostMapping(value="/payment/create")
-
public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
-
System.
out.println(payment.getSerial());
-
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
-
if(result>
0){
-
return new CommonResult(
200,
"插入数据库成功",result);
-
}
else{
-
return new CommonResult(
444,
"插入数据库失败",
null);
-
}
-
}
-
@GetMapping(value="/payment/get/{id}")
-
public CommonResult getPaymentById(
@PathVariable("id")
Long id)
-
{
-
Payment payment = paymentService.getPatmentById(id);
-
if(payment !=
null){
-
return new CommonResult(
200,
"查询成功",payment);
-
}
else{
-
return new CommonResult(
444,
"没有对应记录,查询ID:"+id,
null);
-
}
-
}
-
}
5.6 测试
启动启动类,在地址栏输入localhost:8001/payment/get/31
浏览器不适合发post请求,因此去postman发请求,id是自增的,只需要发送serial即可:
4.3 热部署
Devtools热部署,代码改动,自动重启。
第1步:在cloud-provider-payment8001添加依赖
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
第2步:父工程cloud2020添加插件
-
<build
>
-
<plugins
>
-
<plugin
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-maven-plugin
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
2.2.1.
RELEASE
<
/version
>
-
<
configuration
>
-
<fork
>
true
<
/fork
>
-
<addResources
>
true
<
/addResources
>
-
<
/
configuration
>
-
<
/plugin
>
-
<
/plugins
>
-
<
/build
>
第3步:开启自动编译权限
第4步:更新值,开启热注册
输入快捷键:ctrl + shift + alt + /
第5步:重启
(失败)测试:同样是PaymentMain8001启动,然后进入到cloud-provider-payment8001下的controller,更改CommonResult为CommonResult<Payment>,会实时刷新(失败)。
4.4 消费者订单模块
1. 建module
名字:Cloud-consumer-order80,src下有main和test,main下有java和resource
2. 改pom
web、acuator是图形化的监控展现,要先加mybatis的驱动运行,之后可以删除mybatis驱动,不然.yml会变不成绿叶:
-
<dependencies
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-test
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>
test
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.mybatis.spring.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>mybatis-spring-boot-starter
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<
/dependencies
>
3. 写YML
在resources下建application.yml,设置端口80
-
server:
-
port:
81
4. 主启动
在java下创建com.atguigu.springcloud.OrderMain80类
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
public
class
OrderMain81 {
-
public
static
void
main(
String[] args){
-
SpringApplication.
run(
OrderMain81.
class,args);
-
}
-
}
5. 业务类
5.1 entities复制payment8001的
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。
5.2 创建springcloud下的config包,在包下创建ApplicationContextConfig类:
-
@Configuration
-
public
class
ApplicationContextConfig{
-
@Bean
-
public
RestTemplate
getRestTemp(
){
-
return
new
RestTemplate();
-
}
-
}
5.3 在controller包下创建OrderController类:
-
@RestController
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class
OrderController{
-
public static
final String PAYMENT_URL =
"http://localhost:8081";
-
@Resource
-
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
-
@PostMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
-
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
-
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+
"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.
class);
-
}
-
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
-
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(
@PathVariable("id")
Long id){
-
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+
"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.
class);
-
}
-
}
但此时调用create方法会出现插入值为空的情况,记得要在cloud-provider-payment8001的controller下的PaymentController类中加入@RequestBody注解:
@RequestBody
注解用于将HTTP请求的请求体部分映射到方法的参数上。
新版的Dashboard叫作services
4.5 重构
新建一个cloud-api-commons模块,作为通用封装类:
在模块下引入依赖:
-
<dependencies
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>cn.hutool
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>hutool-all
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
5.1.0
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependencies
>
在模块的java目录下建com.atguigu.springcloud.entities包,直接将entities粘贴在下面:
点击右边的Maven,选择刷新出现cloud-api-commons,进入Lifecycle点击clean点击install即可。
删除掉原先的entities包
将下面依赖粘贴在删掉entities包的模块之下:
-
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>com.atguigu.springcloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>cloud-api-commons
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${project.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
贰、初级
五、Eureka服务注册与发现
7001、7002模拟的是Eureka服务器,81模拟消费者,8081和8082模拟生产者。
5.1 基础知识
5.2 服务端安装
1. 建module
ArtifactId:cloud-eureka-server7001,com.atguigu.springcloud
2. 改POM
-
<dependencies
>
-
<!--eureka-server--
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/deoendency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.atguigu.springcloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>cloud-api-common
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>${project.version}
<
/version
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-test
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>
test
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<
/dependencies
>
3. 写YML
在resources下创建application.yml
-
server:
-
port: 7001
-
eureka:
-
instance:
-
hostname: localhost
#eureka服务端实例名称
-
client:
-
#false表示不向注册中心注册自己
-
register-with-eureka:
false
-
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,不需要检索服务
-
fetch-registry:
false
-
service-url:
-
#设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
-
defaultZone: http://
${eureka.instance.hostname}:
${server.port}/eureka/
4. 主启动
创建EurekaMain7001作为启动类:
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
@EnableEurekaServer
-
public class EurekaMain7001{
-
public
static
void
main(String[] args){
-
SpringApplication
.run(EurekaMain7001.class,args);
-
}
-
}
如果成功输入localhost:7001后出现下面字样:
5.3 支付微服务8081入驻进eurekaServer
在8081的Pom中引入:
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
在application.yml文件中增加如下代码:
-
eureka:
-
client:
-
#表示是否将自己注册进Eurekaserver默认为
true
-
register-with-eureka:
true
-
#是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息默认为
true。单节点无所谓,集群必须设置为
true才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡。
-
fetchRegistry:
true
-
service-url:
-
defaultZone: http:
/
/localhost:
7001
/eureka
在启动类添加注解:@EnableEurekaClient
如果成功,Instances区域会出现CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE这一新的Instances:
5.4 订单微服务81入驻进eurekaServer
在Pom中加入如下代码:
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
在YML中加入如下代码:
-
eureka:
-
client:
-
register-with-eureka:
true
-
fetchRegistry:
true
-
service-url:
-
defaultZone: http:
/
/localhost:
7001
/eureka
在启动类中加入如下代码:@EnableEurekaClient
如果成功出现如下2个:
register-with-eureka为false表示不让入驻,为true表示让入驻。
5.5 集群原理说明
Eureka Server:服务注册,将服务信息注册进服务中心。服务发现,从注册中心上获取服务信息。实质,存key服务名 取 value调用地址。
先启动eureka注册中心。启动服务提供者payment支付服务。支付服务启动后会把自身信息(如服务地址以别名方式注册进eureka)。消费者order服务在需要调用接口时,使用服务别名去注册中心获取实际的RPC远程调用地址。消费者或者调用地址后,底层实际是利用HttpClient技术实现远程调用。消费者获取服务地址后会缓存在本地jvm内存中,默认每隔30秒更新一次服务调用地址。
Eureka具有高可用特点,可搭建Eureka注册中心集群,实现负载均衡+容错故障。避免单点故障。互相注册,相互守望。
5.6 集群环境构建
建Module:cloud-eureka-server7002
Pom:直接复制7001
YML:建application.yml
主启动类:EurekaMain7002,用7001的注解
修改配置:C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc路径下的hosts文件。
修改7001的.yml,修改hostname和defaultZone:
-
server:
-
port:
7001
-
eureka:
-
instance:
-
hostname: eureka
7001.com #eureka服务端实例名称
-
client:
-
#
false表示不向注册中心注册自己
-
register-with-eureka:
false
-
#
false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,不需要检索服务
-
fetch-registry:
false
-
service-url:
-
#设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
-
defaultZone: http:
/
/eureka
7002.com:
7002
/eureka
/
修改7002的.yml文件:
-
server:
-
port:
7002
-
eureka:
-
instance:
-
hostname: eureka
7002.com #eureka服务端实例名称
-
client:
-
#
false表示不向注册中心注册自己
-
register-with-eureka:
false
-
#
false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,不需要检索服务
-
fetch-registry:
false
-
service-url:
-
#设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
-
defaultZone: http:
/
/eureka
7001.com:
7001
/eureka
/
输入eureka7002.com:7002==127.0.0.1:7002和eureka7001.com:7001==127.0.0.1能见到eureka首页:
输入
locahost:7002能指向7001,locahost:7001能指向7002算是成功:
5.7 订单支付两微服务注册进Eureka集群
YML:在8081的eureka下添加:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
YML:在81的eureka下添加:
-
eureka:
-
client:
-
register-with-eureka:
true
-
fetchRegistry:
true
-
service-url:
-
defaultZone: http:
/
/eureka
7001.com:
7001
/eureka,http:
/
/eureka
7002.com:
7002
/eureka
启动:
先要启动EurekaServer,7001/7002服务
再启动服务提供者provider,8081
再启动消费者,81
输入http://localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31,如果查询成功即可
测试:
eureka7001.com:7001可以看到81和8081注册进入
eureka7002.com:7002同样也可以看到
5.8 支付微服务集群配置
建Module:创建cloud-provider-payment8082
改Pom:把8081粘贴入8082
写YML:把8081的粘贴入8082,改一个端口号
主启动:建PaymentMain8082把8081的启动类复制过来,把resource下的mapper包粘贴到8082,把com包直接粘贴到8082。
改controller:修改8001和8002加入如下内容:
-
@Value("${server.port}")
-
private String serverPort;
-
return new CommonResult(
200,
"插入数据库成功,serverPort"
+serverPort,result);
-
return new CommonResult(
200,
"查询成功,serverPort"
+serverPort,payment);
启动顺序:7001、7002、8081、8082、81
测试:eureka7001.com:7001,eureka7002.com:7002,localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31
发现bug:订单服务访问地址是写死的。
此时会报错,因为IDEA不知道是这个地址下的哪台服务器提供服务。
使用@LoadBalanced注解赋予RestTemplate负载均衡的能力,注解写在config包的ApplicationContextConfig下:
此时访问localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31,端口号会在8081和8082之间来回切换:
5.9 actuator微服务信息完善
加上instance: instance-id和prefer-ip-address: true(访问路径显示ip地址)
5.10 服务发现Discovery
在8081的controller的PaymentController类上修改:
-
@Slf
4j
-
@RestController
-
public
class PaymentController {
-
@Resource
-
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
-
@GetMapping(
value
=
"/payment/discovery")
-
public
Object discovery()
-
{
-
List
<
String
> services
= discoveryClient.getServices();
-
for(
String element : services){
-
log.info(
"*****element: "
+element);
-
}
-
List
<ServiceInstance
> instances
= discoveryClient.getInstances(
"CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
-
for(ServiceInstance instance : instances){
-
log.info(instance.getServiceId()
+
"\t"
+instance.getHost()
+
"\t"
+instance.getPort()
+
"\t"
+instance.getUri());
-
}
-
return instances;
-
}
-
}
5. 11 Eureka自我保护理论知识
概括:某时刻某一个微服务不可用了,Eureka不会立刻清理,依旧会对该微服务的信息进行保存。
为了防止EurekaClient可以正常运行,但是与EurekaServer网络不通情况下,EurekaServer不会立刻将EurekaClient服务器剔除。
5.12 禁止自我保护
在7001的yml文件中的eureka下,加下列代码:
-
server:
-
#关闭自我保护机制,保证不可用服务被及时踢除
-
enable-
self-preservation:
false
-
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms:
2000
测试:先看8081是否存在,关闭8081,看卡是否立刻删除。
Eureka停更说明
六、Zookeeper服务注册与发现
6.1 Zookeeper的安装
下载zookeeper-3.4.9,下面是安装地址
https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/
在Linux虚拟机中,创建/opt/module目录,把zookeeper的gz压缩包放到该目录下。
然后解压该压缩包到该目录:
tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
然后修改配置:
将/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf这个路径下的zoo.sample.cfg修改为zoo.cfg:
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10目录创建zkData文件夹:
mkdir zkData
打开zoo.cfg文件,修改dataDir路径:
vim zoo.cfg
修改如下内容:
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
启动Zookeeper服务
输入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh start
进入Zookeeper
输入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkCli.sh
退出Zookeeper
输入:quit
关闭Zookeeper服务:
sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh stop
6.2 项目环境配置
在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin目录下输入:
sudo systemctl stop firewalld 关闭防火墙。
sudo systemctl status firewalld检查防火墙是否关闭。
确保虚拟机能和windows ping通
建module:cloud-provider-payment8004
pom:
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
YML:
-
server:
-
port:
8004
-
#服务别名 — — — — 注册zookeeper到注册中心名称
-
spring:
-
application:
-
name: cloud-provider-payment
-
cloud:
-
zookeeper:
-
connect-
string:
192.168.
182.157:
2181
启动类:
com.atguigu.springcloud.PaymentMain8004
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
@EnableDiscoveryClient
-
public class PaymentMain8004 {
-
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
-
SpringApplication
.run(PaymentMain8004.class,args);
-
}
-
}
服务类:
springcloud下建controller包,PaymentController
-
@RestController
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class
PaymentController {
-
@Value("${server.port}")
-
private String serverPort;
-
@RequestMapping(value="/payment/zk")
-
public String paymentzk(){
-
return
"springcloud with zookeeper: "+serverPort+
"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
-
}
-
}
然后启动Zookeeper服务,进入zookeeper
输入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh start
输入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkCli.sh
输入:get /zookeeper
版本冲突问题:
-
<dependency
>
-
<!--添加zookeeper
3.4.9版本--
>
-
<groupId
>org.apache.zookeeper
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>zookeeper
<
/artifactId
>
-
<version
>
3.4.9
<
/version
>
-
<!--先排除自带的zookeeper
3.5.3--
>
-
<exclusions
>
-
<exclusion
>
-
<groupId
>org.apache.zookeeper
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>zookeeper
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/exclusion
>
-
<
/exclusions
>
-
<
/dependency
>
然后点击启动。
测试localhost:8004/payment/zk,如果每次刷新后面一串数字会变则成功:
把json串赋值到tool.lu/json看得到信息则成功:
6.3 临时还是持久节点
用的是临时的,关闭8004一段时间,zookeeper会踢掉。重新启动,流水号会改变。
6.4 订单服务注册进zookeeper
module:cloud-consumerzk-order81。
POM:复制8004,见上节。
YML:
-
server:
-
port:
81
-
#服务别名 — — — — 注册zookeeper到注册中心名称
-
spring:
-
application:
-
name: cloud-consumer-
order
-
cloud:
-
#注册到zookeeper地址
-
zookeeper:
-
connect-
string=
192.168.
182.157:
2181
启动类:
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
@EnableDiscoveryClient
-
public class OrderZKMain81 {
-
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
-
SpringApplication
.run(OrderZKMain81.class,args);
-
}
-
}
config:
-
@Configuration
-
public
class
ApplicationContextConfig {
-
@Bean
-
public
RestTemplate
getRestTemplate(
){
-
return
new
RestTemplate();
-
}
-
}
controller:
-
@RestController
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class
OrderZKController {
-
public
static final
String
INVOKE_URL=
"http://cloud-provider-payment";
-
@Resource
-
private
RestTemplate restTemplate;
-
@GetMapping(value=
"/consumer/payment/zk")
-
public
String
paymentInfo(
){
-
String result = restTemplate.
getForObject(
INVOKE_URL+
"/payment/zk",
String.
class);
-
return result;
-
}
-
}
测试:
七、Consul服务注册与发现
7.1 Consul简介
7.2 安装并运行Consul
下载地址:
https://developer.hashicorp.com/consul/downloads
点击地址栏,输入cmd,输入consul --version,再输入consul agent -dev
输入http://localhost:8500会进入界面,看到勾勾:
7.3 服务提供者注册进Consul
module:cloud-providerconsul-payment8006
pom:
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
yml:
-
server:
-
port:
8006
-
-
spring:
-
application:
-
name: consul-provider-payment
-
-
#consul注册中心地址
-
cloud:
-
consul:
-
host: localhost
-
port:
8500
-
discovery:
-
service-
name:
${spring.application.name}
启动类:
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
@EnableDiscoveryClient
-
public class PaymentMain8006 {
-
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
-
SpringApplication
.run(PaymentMain8006.class,args);
-
}
-
}
业务类:复制8004,稍加修改
-
@RestController
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class
PaymentController {
-
@Value("${server.port}")
-
private String serverPort;
-
@RequestMapping(value="/payment/consul")
-
public String paymentzk(){
-
return
"springcloud with consul: "+serverPort+
"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
-
}
-
}
测试类:启动
7.4 服务消费者注册进Consul
module: cloud-consumerconsul-order81
pom:
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.cloud
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-web
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-actuator
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-devtools
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>runtime
<
/scope
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.projectlombok
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>lombok
<
/artifactId
>
-
<
optional
>
true
<
/
optional
>
-
<
/dependency
>
-
<dependency
>
-
<groupId
>org.springframework.boot
<
/groupId
>
-
<artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-test
<
/artifactId
>
-
<scope
>
test
<
/scope
>
-
<
/dependency
>
yml:
-
server:
-
port:
81
-
-
spring:
-
application:
-
name: cloud-consumer-order
-
-
#consul注册中心地址
-
cloud:
-
consul:
-
host: localhost
-
port:
8500
-
discovery:
-
service-
name:
${spring.application.name}
主启动类:
-
@SpringBootApplication
-
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//该注解用于向使用consul或者zookeeper作为注册中心时注册服务
-
public class OrderConsulMain80 {
-
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
-
SpringApplication
.run(OrderConsulMain80.class,args);
-
}
-
}
配置Bean:
-
@Configuration
-