Java异步Future详解

简介

Future主要用于有返回值的异步任务。最核心的类是FutureTask，它是Future接口唯一的实现类。

FutureTask

可以看出FutureTask类实现了Runnable和Future接口。
内部属性有

    private volatile int state;
    private Callable<V> callable;
    /** The result to return or exception to throw from get() */
    private Object outcome; // non-volatile, protected by state reads/writes
    /** The thread running the callable; CASed during run() */
    private volatile Thread runner;
    /** Treiber stack of waiting threads */
    private volatile WaitNode waiters;

其中

• state表示任务执行状态，有下面几个取值
  private static final int NEW = 0;
  private static final int COMPLETING = 1;
  private static final int NORMAL = 2;
  private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3;
  private static final int CANCELLED = 4;
  private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
  private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;
• callable是实际要执行的run方法的对象
• outCome是执行的结果
• runner是执行run方法的线程
• waitNodes是一个链表，存储调用get或者别的方法而阻塞的线程

构造函数

有两周构造函数，分别传入Runnable对象和Callable对象

 public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        this.state = NEW;