HttpClient学习笔记 --发送Http和Https请求

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-03 16:30:23 发布

置顶 codematrixer

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-03 16:30:23 发布

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分类专栏： Java技术接口测试文章标签： httpclient http和https 网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ToBeTheEnder/article/details/52987025

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Java技术同时被 2 个专栏收录

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前言

在前面有一章我转载过一篇关于HttpClient的文章：HttpClient使用详解，在那篇文章中详细讲解了HttpClient的特性，使用方法和实例。
这篇文章主要就上篇文章进一步浓缩，封装了HttpClient发送http和https请求的方法，形成一个工具类HttpClientUtil，大家以后在用到网络请求时，直接用这个工具类即可。

本文是为后续接口测试框架系列的文章做铺垫，大家可以好好看，把代码拷贝下来，测试一下，无非就是通过request得到response，然后校验response的值。

主要方法

主要方法如下：

1.doGet
发送GET请求（HTTP），K-V形式

2.doPost
发送POST请求（HTTP），K-V形式

3.doPostSSL
发送 SSL POST请（HTTPS），K-V形式

4.postWithFile
发送post请求,并上传文件

实例代码

由于我是通过maven建的project，所以pom.xml文件中主要依赖如下：
不会使用maven的也可以到apache的网站上直接下载相应的jar包，导入到Eclipse中添加依赖即可，不会的可以联系我，我会在线回答！！

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient-osgi -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient-osgi</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>


<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>


<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpmime -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

HttpClientUtil代码如下：

package com.dji.utils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;


/**
 * 封装了HttpClient发送http和https请求的方法(包括get和post请求)，形成一个工具类HttpClientUtil，
 * 大家以后在用到网络请求时，直接用这个工具类即可
 * @author Charlie.chen
 * @date 2016-10-31
 *
 */

public class HttpClientUtil {

    //public static LogUtil log = new LogUtil(HttpclientUtil.class);

    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
    private static final int MAX_TIMEOUT = 7000;

    static {
        // 设置连接池
        connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        // 设置连接池大小
        connMgr.setMaxTotal(100);
        connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connMgr.getMaxTotal());

        RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
        // 设置连接超时
        configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        // 设置读取超时
        configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        // 设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时
        configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        // 在提交请求之前 测试连接是否可用
        configBuilder.setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true);
        requestConfig = configBuilder.build();
    }



    /**
     * 发送GET请求（HTTP），K-V形式
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @author Charlie.chen；
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url,Map<String, Object> params) {

        String apiUrl = url;
        StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
        int i = 0;
        for (String key : params.keySet()) {
            if (i == 0)
                param.append("?");
            else
                param.append("&");
            param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
            i++;
        }
        apiUrl += param;

        // 创建默认的HttpClient实例.
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {

            // 定义一个get请求方法
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(apiUrl);

            // 执行get请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpget);

            // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容
            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == 200) {
                // 使用响应对象获取响应实体
                HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                // 将响应实体转为字符串
                String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
                return response;

            } else {
                // log.error("访问失败"+statusCode);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 关闭连接, 和释放资源
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST请求（HTTP），K-V形式
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @author Charlie.chen
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) {

        // 创建默认的HttpClient实例.
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {

            // 定义一个get请求方法
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);

            // List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            // parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", userName));
            // parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password));

            // 定义post请求的参数
            // 建立一个NameValuePair数组，用于存储欲传送的参数
            List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            Iterator iterator = params.entrySet().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                Entry<String, String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
            }
            if (list.size() > 0) {
                httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8"));
            }


            // httppost.setHeader("Content-type","application/json,charset=utf-8");
            // httppost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");


            // 执行post请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);

            // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容
            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == 200) {
                // 使用响应对象获取响应实体
                HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                // 将响应实体转为字符串
                String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
                return response;

            } else {
                // log.error("访问失败"+statusCode);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 关闭连接, 和释放资源
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }



     /**
     * 发送 SSL POST请（HTTPS），K-V形式
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @author Charlie.chen
     */ 
    public static String doPostSSL(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConn()).setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String httpStr = null;

        try {
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry
                        .getValue().toString());
                pairList.add(pair);
            }
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                return null;
            }
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity == null) {
                return null;
            }
            httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpStr;
    }




     /**
     * 创建SSL安全连接
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @author Charlie.chen
     * @return
     */
    private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory createSSLConn() {
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = null;
        try {
            SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    return true;
                }
            }).build();

            sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
                public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
                    return true;
                }

                public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException {
                }

                public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException {
                }

                public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
                }
            });
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return sslsf;
    }



     /**
     * 发送post请求,并上传文件
     */
     public String postWithFile(String url,String filePath) {
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         try {
             HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
             FileBody bin=null;

             File file = new File(filePath);
             if (file.exists()) {
                 bin=new FileBody(file);
             }else{
                 System.out.println("Can't find " + filePath);
             }


         StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind",ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);

         //请求实体
         HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin",bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
         httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);

         //执行post请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据
         CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);

         // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容
         int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
         if(statusCode == 200) {
             // 使用响应对象获取响应实体
             HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
             //将响应实体转为字符串
             String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
             return response;

         }else{
             System.out.println("访问失败"+statusCode);
         }

         }catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             try {
                 // 关闭连接, 和释放资源
                 httpclient.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
         return null;
     }

}