char数组和char指针都可以作为字符串,比如:
char str1[12] = "hello world";
char * str2 = "hello world";
但是数组是整体作为一个变量。虽然str1表示char 数组的第一个字节的内存地址,但是这个地址并没有单独保存在一个变量中,本身不占用额外的内存空间,也就是说不存在一个内存空间,专门存放str1字符数组的首地址,str1只是标识了整个数组,同时也可以作为一个常量表示保存该数组的内存空间的首地址。而str2作为指针,是单独占用一块内存空间(64位系统,占8字节),专门用来存放地址的。
stuct与数组又不一样。struct变量可以像普通数值型变量一样,代表一块内存区域。比如:
struct name {
char firstName[10];
char lastName[10];
};
struct name tt;
变量tt本身不能作为一个地址看待,要获取他的地址,必须用 &tt。这点与数组不同。
以下是关于地址的测试:
#include <stdio.h>
struct name {
char firstName[10];
char lastName[10];
};
struct pName {
char * firstName;
char * lastName;
};
int main(void)
{
char * str1 = "hello world";
char str2[] = "hello world";
char * str3 = "hello world";
struct name tom = {"tom","zhang"};
struct pName eva = {"peter", "wang"};
printf("str1 address is %p\n",str1);
printf("str2 address is %p\n",str2);
printf("str3 address is %p\n",str3);
printf("struct name(array string) size: %zd\n",sizeof (struct name));
printf("struct pName\(pointer string\) size: %zd\n",sizeof (struct pName));
printf("struct name(array string) last name address: %p\n",tom.lastName);
printf("struct name(pointer string) last name address: %p\n",eva.lastName);
}
输出如下:
# ./a.out
str1 address is 0x4006c0
str2 address is 0x7fff6114aab0
str3 address is 0x4006c0
struct name(array string) size: 20
struct pName(pointer string) size: 16
struct name(array string) last name address: 0x7fff6114aa9a
struct name(pointer string) last name address: 0x4006d0