利用ffmpeg解码h264裸流并存储成YUV420

此处用的ffmpeg版本为3.2.2。
例子是在linux下所写的，大致流程如下：

1. 初始化ffmpeg库
2. 创建YUV文件，用于存储解码后的YUV数据
3. 初始化H264解码器
4. 给解码器的一些结构变量赋值
5. 打开解码器
6. 打开H264裸流文件
7. 读取一定数据的h264数据（因为不知道一帧到底有多大）
8. 调用ffmpeg函数，循环分析读取到的数据，每循环一次得到一帧数据，然后调用解码器解码，并存储成YUV420文件。直到分析完读入的数据
9. 释放内存，解码结束

编译命令如下（有些库非必须）：
gcc -o codec codec.c -lavdevice -lavformat -lavfilter -lpostproc -lavcodec -lswresample -lswscale -lavutil -lpthread -ldl -lxml2 -lz -lx264 -ldl -lm

具体代码：

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#define INBUF_SIZE 40960000
FILE *yuv_fp = NULL;

int main(int argc, int argv)
{   
    //解码后，存储的文件，测试文件分辨率是640x480
    yuv_fp = fopen("test_640x360.yuv","wb");
    if(NULL == yuv_fp)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Open test.yuv fail\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    avcodec_register_all();
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c = NULL;
    AVFrame *frame;
    AVCodecParserContext *avParserContext;
    FILE *f = NULL;
    int frame_count = 0;
    //读取264文件后所存储的buf
    unsigned char * inbuf = (unsigned char*)malloc(INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
    int got_frame;
    int read_size;

    memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);

    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
    if( NULL == codec )
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    if(NULL == c)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Could not allocate video codec context\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    //初始化解码器所需要的参数，其实不设置也是可以正常解码的，因为264流中有对应的pps,sps相关结构
    //里面包含解码所需要的相关信息
    c->width = 640;
    c->height = 360;
    c->bit_rate = 1000;
    c->time_base.num = 1;
    c->time_base.den = 25;
    c->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
    c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;

    avParserContext = av_parser_init(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
    if( NULL == avParserContext)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Could not init avParserContext\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(avcodec_open2(c,codec, NULL) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if(NULL == frame)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Could not allocate video frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    f = fopen("test.264","rb");
    if( NULL == f )
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Could not allocate video frame");
        exit(1);
    }

    for(;;)
    {
        //解码还有问题，因为avpkt不是一帧数据，而是有很多帧的数据，
        //需要增加一个filter，一帧一帧过滤出来
        read_size = fread(inbuf, 1,INBUF_SIZE, f);
        printf("read_size_orig=%d\n",read_size);
        if(read_size == 0)
        {
            break;
        }

        while(read_size)
        {
            unsigned char *buf = 0;
            int buf_len = 0;
            int parse_len = av_parser_parse2(avParserContext, c, &buf, &buf_len,
                        inbuf, read_size,
                        AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AV_NOPTS_VALUE,AV_NOPTS_VALUE);
            inbuf += parse_len;
            read_size -= parse_len;
            //printf("read_size=%d, parse_len=%d, buf_len=%d\n",read_size, parse_len, buf_len);
            #if 1
            if(buf_len != 0)
            {
                AVPacket avpkt = {0}; 
                av_init_packet(&avpkt);
                avpkt.data = buf;
                avpkt.size = buf_len;
                time_t start ,end;
                start = clock();
                int decode_len = avcodec_decode_video2(c,frame, &got_frame, &avpkt);
                end = clock();
                printf("decoded frame used %d\n",end - start);
                if(decode_len < 0)
                    fprintf(stderr,"Error while decoding frame %d\n",frame_count);
                if(got_frame)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr,"decode success\n");
                    int width = frame->width;
                    int height = frame->height;
                    unsigned char* yuv_buf = (unsigned char*)malloc(width * height *1.5);//可以放在while循环外面，这样就不用每次都申请，释放了
                    int i = 0;

                    //把解码出来的数据存成YUV数据，方便验证解码是否正确
                    for(i = 0; i < height; i++)
                    {
                        memcpy(yuv_buf + width * i, frame->data[0] + frame->linesize[0]*i, width);
                        if(i < height >> 1)
                        {
                            memcpy(yuv_buf + width * height + width *i / 2, frame->data[1] + frame->linesize[1]*i, width / 2);
                            memcpy(yuv_buf + width * height * 5 /4 + width * i / 2 ,frame->data[2] + frame->linesize[2]*i, width / 2);
                        }
                    }
                    fwrite(yuv_buf, sizeof(unsigned char),width * height * 1.5 ,yuv_fp);
                    free(yuv_buf);
                    frame_count++;

                }
                else
                {
                    fprintf(stderr,"decode fail\n");
                }
                av_packet_unref(&avpkt);
            }
            #endif
        }
    }

    //记得释放变量的空间
    return 0;
}