4-2 Spring Bean装配之Autowired注解说明-1

Required 不常用

• Required注解适用于bean属性的setter方法
• 这个注解仅仅表示，受影响的bean属性必须在配置时被填充，通过在bean定义或通过自动装配一个明确的属性值
• Required 这整个应用中并不常用

public class SimpleMovieLister {
    private MovieFinder movieFinder;
    @Required
    public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) {
        this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
    }
}

Autowired 常用

• 可以将@Autowired注解为“传统”的setter方法

public class SimpleMovieLister {
    private MovieFinder movieFinder;
    @Autowired
    public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) {
        this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
    }
}

• 可用于构造器或成员变量

public class SimpleMovieLister {
    @Autowired
    private MovieFinder movieFinder;
    private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao;
    @Autowired
    public SimpleMovieLister(CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) {
        this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao;
    }
}

• 默认情况下，如果因找不到合适的bean将会导致autowiring失败抛出异常，可以通过required = false方式避免

public class SimpleMovieLister {
    private MovieFinder movieFinder;
    private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao;
    @Autowired(required = false)
    public SimpleMovieLister(CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) {
        this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao;
    }
}

• 每个类只能有一个构造器被标记为required=true
• @Autowired的必要属性，建议使用@Required注解

例子：

package com.torey.beanannotation.injection.dao;

/**
 * @ClassName：InjectionDao
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
public interface InjectionDao {
    public void save(String arg);
}

package com.torey.beanannotation.injection.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * @ClassName：InjectionDaoImpl
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
@Repository
public class InjectionDaoImpl implements InjectionDao {
    public void save(String arg){
        System.out.println("模拟数据添加：" + arg);
    }
}

package com.torey.beanannotation.injection.service;

import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * @ClassName：InjectionService
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
public interface InjectionService {
    void save(String arg);
}

package com.torey.beanannotation.injection.service;

import com.torey.beanannotation.injection.dao.InjectionDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @ClassName：InjectionServiceImpl
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
@Service
public class InjectionServiceImpl implements InjectionService {
   // @Autowired
    private InjectionDao injectionDao;
    @Autowired
    public InjectionServiceImpl(InjectionDao injectionDao) {
        this.injectionDao = injectionDao;
    }

    //@Autowired
    public void setInjectionDao(InjectionDao injectionDao) {
        this.injectionDao = injectionDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(String arg) {
        System.out.println("Service接收的参数为：" + arg);
        arg=arg+":"+this.hashCode();
        injectionDao.save(arg);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.torey.beanannotation"/>
</beans>

package com.torey.springtest.base;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * @ClassName：UnitTestBase
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
public class UnitTestBase {
    public UnitTestBase(){}
    private String springXmlPath;
    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext;
    public UnitTestBase(String springXmlpath){
        this.springXmlPath=springXmlpath;
    }
    @Before
    public void before(){
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(springXmlPath)) {
            springXmlPath="classpath*:spring-*.xml";
        }
        applicationContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlPath.split("[,\\s]"));
        applicationContext.start();
    }
    @After
   public void after(){
        applicationContext.destroy();
   }
   public Object getBean(String beanId){
       return applicationContext.getBean(beanId);
   }
}

package com.torey.springtest.bean;

import com.torey.beanannotation.BeanAnnotation;
import com.torey.beanannotation.injection.service.InjectionService;
import com.torey.springtest.base.UnitTestBase;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @ClassName：TestResource
 * @Description：
 * @author: Torey
 */
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestBeanAnnotation extends UnitTestBase {
    public TestBeanAnnotation(){
        super("classpath:spring-beanannotation.xml");
    }
    @Test
    public void testAutowired(){
        InjectionService inje= (InjectionService)super.getBean("injectionServiceImpl");
        inje.save("this is testAutowired");
    }

}

根据慕课网 moocer老师的spring课程 整理