[SQL] LeetCode 184. 部门工资最高的员工 - [Medium]

184. 部门工资最高的员工
注意：本题于中文版领扣上题目中表信息有误，且与SQL架构不一致，因此我将题目改为英文原版题目内容，可参考：184. Department Highest Salary

题目：

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Jim   | 90000  | 1            |
| 3  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 4  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 5  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。（行顺序无要求）

例如，根据上述给定的表格，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Jim      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

---

SQL架构：

Create table If Not Exists Employee (Id int, Name varchar(255), Salary int, DepartmentId int);
Create table If Not Exists Department (Id int, Name varchar(255));
Truncate table Employee;
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('1', 'Joe', '70000', '1');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('2', 'Jim', '90000', '1');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('3', 'Henry', '80000', '2');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('4', 'Sam', '60000', '2');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('5', 'Max', '90000', '1');
Truncate table Department;
insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('1', 'IT');
insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('2', 'Sales');

---

解题语句：

方法一：三表联查

SELECT
	d.Name AS Department,
	e1.Name AS Employee,
	e1.Salary 
FROM
	Employee AS e1
	INNER JOIN Department AS d ON e1.DepartmentId = d.Id
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) AS m FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId ) AS e2 ON e1.Salary = e2.m 
	AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId;
	

注意：

三表联查时，将前两个表先合并，然后再与第三表连接比三表合并查询更快，即把前两表连接的 ON 语句位置提前。

（以下语句为三表同时连接，效率偏低，不推荐）

# 三表同时连接，效率偏低
SELECT
	d.Name AS Department,
	e1.Name AS Employee,
	e1.Salary 
FROM
	Employee AS e1
	JOIN ( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) AS m FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId ) AS e2
	JOIN Department d ON e1.Salary = e2.m 
	AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId 
	AND e1.DepartmentId = d.Id;
	

方法二：跨表查询 + 行级子查询

SELECT
	d.Name AS Department,
	e.Name AS Employee,
	Salary 
FROM
	Employee AS e
	JOIN Department AS d ON e.DepartmentId = d.Id 
WHERE
	( e.DepartmentId, Salary ) IN ( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId );