Hadoop reduce阶段出现Failed to fetch错误及解决

最近运行hadoop1.1出现map执行100%，reduce卡在0%的情况，甚至会出现无法启动datanode的情况。查看了一下日志，大致看到 Failed to fetch 字段，以及拒绝连接错误connection refused，查看配置没有发现问题，于是怀疑 /etc/hosts 文件配置的影响，参考了一下wiki的关于hadoop的connection refused页面，大致如下：

http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused

Connection Refused

You get a ConnectionRefused Exception when there is a machine at the address specified, but there is no program listening on the specific TCP port the client is using -and there is no firewall in the way silently dropping TCP connection requests. If you do not know what a TCP connection request is, please consult the