C++6（结构体）

结构体

1.结构体定义

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct student
{	//成员列表
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}stu3;

int main()
{
	//创建后分别赋值
	struct student stu1;//关键字 struct 可以省略
	stu1.name = "张三";
	stu1.age = 18;
	stu1.score = 98;
	cout << stu1.name << "的年龄为" << stu1.age << " 分数为" << stu1.score << endl;

	//括号内进行赋值
	struct student stu2 = {"李四", 18 , 90 };
	cout << stu2.name << "的年龄为" << stu2.age << " 分数为" << stu2.score << endl;

	//以上直接创建
	stu3.age = 17;
	stu3.name = "马超";
	stu3.score = 100;
	cout << stu3.name << "的年龄为" << stu3.age << " 分数为" << stu3.score << endl;

	//数组保存
	student stu[3] = 
	{
		{"zhangsan",22,99},
		{"lisi",23,93},
		{"wangwu",22,89}
	};
	stu[0].name = "zhaosi";//重新赋值
	stu[0].age = 20;
	stu[0].score = 95;
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		cout << stu[i].name << "的年龄为" << stu[i].age << " 分数为" << stu[i].score << endl;
	}

	//结构体指针
	student s = { "zhaoyun",24,100 };
	student *p = &s;
	cout << p->name << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.结构体嵌套

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct student
{	//成员列表
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}stu3;

struct techer
{
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student stuxx;
};

int main()
{
	techer t;
	t.id = 10317;
	t.age = 29;
	t.name = "king";
	t.stuxx.age = 15;
	t.stuxx.score = 80;
	t.stuxx.name = "liu";
	cout << "工号为" <<t.id << "所带学生的成绩为" << endl;
	cout << t.stuxx.score << endl;
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.结构体的值传递、地址传递、const

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//结构体做学生参数
struct student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

//1.值传递
void printstu1(student s)
{
	s.age = 100;
	cout << s.name << "  " << s.age << "  " << s.score << endl;
}
//2.地址传递
//形参中用指针，只占用四个字节，而且不会复制新的副本出来
//为了防止数据被写，形参可以加上const
void printstu2(const student *s)
{
	//s->age = 101;
	cout << s->name << "  " << s->age << "  " << s->score << endl;
}


int main()
{
	student s1;
	s1.name = "zhangsan";
	s1.age = 18;
	s1.score = 88;
	cout << s1.name << "  " << s1.age << "  " << s1.score << endl;

	printstu1(s1);
	cout << s1.name << "  " << s1.age << "  " << s1.score << endl;

	printstu2(&s1);
	cout << s1.name << "  " << s1.age << "  " << s1.score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.案例
案例1：数组定义三个老师各带五个学生，用函数进行信息赋值，最后打印。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
	string name;
	int score;
};
struct techer
{
	string name;
	student stu[5];
};

void print(techer t[], int len)
{
	string name_seed = "ABCDE";
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		t[i].name = "techer_";
		t[i].name += name_seed[i];

		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			t[i].stu[j].name = "student_";
			t[i].stu[j].name += name_seed[j];
			int random = rand() % 61+40;//40~99
			t[i].stu[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}
void printinfo(techer t[], int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << t[i].name <<"所带的学生："<<endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << "\t" << t[i].stu[j].name << "的分数为" << " ";
			cout << t[i].stu[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	techer t[3];

	int len = (sizeof(t)) / (sizeof(t[0]));
	print(t, len);
	printinfo(t, len);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

案例2：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//英雄结构体
struct hero
{
	//姓名
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//型别
	string sex;
};

void bubbleSort(struct hero heroarr[],int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < len - 1 - i; j++)
		if (heroarr[j].age>heroarr[j+1].age)
		{
			struct hero temp = heroarr[j];
			heroarr[j] = heroarr[j+1];
			heroarr[j + 1] = temp;
		}
	}
}

void print(struct hero heroarr[],int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << heroarr[i].name << " " << heroarr[i].age << " " << heroarr[i].sex << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
//1.涉及英雄的结构体
	
//2.创建数组排放英雄
	struct hero heroarr[5] = 
	{
		{"刘备",23,"男"},
		{"关羽",22,"男"},
		{"张飞",21,"男"},
		{"赵云",20,"男"},
		{"貂蝉",19,"男"},
	};
	cout << "NO排序结果为" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << heroarr[i].name << " " << heroarr[i].age << " " << heroarr[i].sex << endl;
	}
//3.数组排序
	int len = ((sizeof(heroarr)) / (sizeof(heroarr[0])));
	bubbleSort(heroarr, len);
	cout << "排序结果为" << endl;
//4.将之后结果打印输出
	print(heroarr,len);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}