[leetcode] 385. Mini Parser

Given a nested list of integers represented as a string, implement a parser to deserialize it.

Each element is either an integer, or a list -- whose elements may also be integers or other lists.

Note: You may assume that the string is well-formed:

• String is non-empty.
• String does not contain white spaces.
• String contains only digits 0-9, [, - ,, ].

Example 1:

Given s = "324",

You should return a NestedInteger object which contains a single integer 324.

Example 2:

Given s = "[123,[456,[789]]]",

Return a NestedInteger object containing a nested list with 2 elements:

1. An integer containing value 123.
2. A nested list containing two elements:
    i.  An integer containing value 456.
    ii. A nested list with one element:
         a. An integer containing value 789.

这道题是实现“迷你解释器”，题目难度为Medium。

字符串中括号存在层层嵌套的情况，所以需要借助栈来记录遍历路径上的每层NestedInteger。遇到'['时，表明即将进入新一层链表，此时构造新的NestedInteger并进栈；遇到']'时，表明该层链表结束，此时出栈并将该层链表通过add函数加入上层链表中。数字在遍历到']'或','时结束，此时将数字构造的NestedInteger通过add函数加入栈顶链表中，处理过程中需要记录数字的起始位置。另外，栈中最好存储指针，能够降低空间复杂度。具体代码：

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class NestedInteger {
 *   public:
 *     // Constructor initializes an empty nested list.
 *     NestedInteger();
 *
 *     // Constructor initializes a single integer.
 *     NestedInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     bool isInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     int getInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 *     void setInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 *     void add(const NestedInteger &ni);
 *
 *     // Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     const vector<NestedInteger> &getList() const;
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    NestedInteger deserialize(string s) {
        if(s[0] != '[') return NestedInteger(stoi(s));
        stack<NestedInteger*> stk;
        NestedInteger* ret = NULL;
        int idx = 0;
        
        for(int i=0; i<s.size(); ++i) {
            if(s[i] == '[') {
                stk.push(new NestedInteger());
                if(!ret) ret = stk.top();
                idx = i + 1;
            }
            else if(s[i] == ']' || s[i] == ',') {
                if(idx != i)
                    stk.top()->add(NestedInteger(stoi(s.substr(idx, i-idx))));
                if(s[i] == ']') {
                    NestedInteger* cur = stk.top();
                    stk.pop();
                    if(!stk.empty()) stk.top()->add(*cur);
                }
                idx = i + 1;
            }
        }
        
        return *ret;
    }
};