Django入门到放弃学习笔记 08

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-04 10:48:33 发布

Tsuki_0

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-04 10:48:33 发布

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分类专栏：好好学Django 文章标签： django python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Tsuki_0/article/details/120499385

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跟b站武沛齐老师的视频学习
对学习过程进行一些记录以便复习同时自我督促 :D冲鸭

视频链接: 15天django入门到放弃-哔哩哔哩.

文章目录

练习题
中间件
WSGI
MVC，MTV
Form组件

练习题

男女生分别建表

models.py:

from django.db import models


class Boy(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Girl(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class B2G(models.Model):
    b = models.ForeignKey(to='Boy', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    g = models.ForeignKey(to='Girl', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

urls.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from app01.views import account, love

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path('^login.html/', account.login),
    re_path('^logout.html/', account.logout),
    re_path('^index.html/', love.index),
    re_path('^others.html/', love.others),
]

account.py：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from app01 import models

def login(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'login.html')
    else:
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        gender = request.POST.get('gender')
        print(username, password, gender)
        rmb = request.POST.get('rmb')
        if gender == '1':
            obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        else:
            obj = models.Girl.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        if not obj:
            # 登陆失败
            return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})
        else:
            # request.session['user_id'] = obj.id
            # request.session['gender'] = gender
            # request.session['username'] = username
            request.session['user_info'] = {
                'user_id': obj.id,
                'gender': gender,
                'username': username,
                'nickname': obj.nickname
            }
            return redirect('/index.html/')


def logout(request):
    request.session.clear()  # 删除cookie = 超时时间设为0 不删数据库
    # request.session.delete(request.session.session_key)  # 删除数据库
    return redirect('/login.html/')

love.py：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from app01 import models


def index(request):
    # 简单的情况往上写
    if not request.session.get('user_info'):
        return redirect('/login.html')
    else:
        # 男：女生列表
        # 女：男生列表
        gender = request.session.get('user_info').get('gender')
        if gender == '1':
            user_list = models.Girl.objects.all()
        else:
            user_list = models.Boy.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'user_list': user_list})


def others(request):
    """
    获取与当前用户有关系的异性
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    current_user_id = request.session.get('user_info').get('user_id')
    gender = request.session.get('user_info').get('gender')
    if gender == '1':
        userlist = models.B2G.objects.filter(b_id=current_user_id).values('g__nickname')
    else:
        userlist = models.B2G.objects.filter(g_id=current_user_id).values('b__nickname')
    return render(request, 'others.html', {'user_list': userlist})

login.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>登录界面</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="/login.html/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>用户：<input type="text" name="username"></p>
        <p>密码：<input type="text" name="password"></p>
        <p>性别：
            男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
            女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2">
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="checkbox" name="rmb" value="11">一个月免登录
        </p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
        {{ msg }}
    </form>
</body>
</html>

index.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>当前用户：{{ request.session.user_info.nickname }}</h1>
    <a href="/logout.html">注销</a>
    <h3>异性列表</h3>
    <ul>
        {% for row in user_list %}
        <li>{{ row.nickname }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

others.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>当前用户：{{ request.session.user_info.nickname }}</h1>
    <a href="/logout.html">注销</a>
    <h3>有关系的异性列表</h3>
    <ul>
        {% for row in user_list %}
            {% if row.g__nickname %}
                <li>{{ row.g__nickname }}</li>
            {% else %}
                <li>{{ row.b__nickname }}</li>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

男女生合并为一张表

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, '男'),
        (2, '女'),
    )
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)

反向关联使用 related_query_name：

# obj对象.u2u__set.all() 两个foreignkey无法查找
# obj对象男.b__set.all()
# obj对象女.a__set.all()
class U2U(models.Model):
    g = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', related_query_name='a', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    b = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', related_query_name='b', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

或 related_name：

# obj对象男.b.all()
# obj对象女.a.all()
class U2U(models.Model):
    g = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', related_name='a', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    b = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', related_name='b', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

related 的应用例子：

class UserType(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    ut = models.ForeignKey('UserType', related_name='xxxx')
    
# 反向： user_set ==> xxxx
# related_query_name 反向： user_set ==> xxxx_set

U2U 表新增数据的两种方式：

def test(request):
	# 传id
    models.U2U.objects.create(b_id=2, g_id=6)
    # 传对象（foreignkey特殊）
    boy = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(gender=1, id=2).first()
    girl = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(gender=2, id=6).first()
    models.U2U.objects.create(b=boy, g=girl)

U2U查找关联对象的方式：

def test(request):
    lb = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
    result = lb.girls.all()
    for u in result:
        print(u.g.nickname)

    return HttpResponse('ok')

补充自关联

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, '男'),
        (2, '女'),
    )
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)

    m = models.ManyToManyField('UserInfo')

查找：

# M2M自关联特性
	obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
	# from_userinfo_id
	obj.m => select xx from xx where from_userinfo_id = 1
	# to_userinfo_id
	obj.userinfo_set => select xx from xx where to_userinfo_id = 1
# 定义
	# 前面列：男生ID
	# 后面列：女生ID
# 应用
	# 男生对象
	obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
	# 根据男生ID=1查找关联的所有女生
	obj.m.all()

	#女生对象
	obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first()
	# 根据女生ID=4查找关联的所有男生
	obj.userinfo_set.all()

应用：多级评论

class Comment(models.Model):
    new_id = models.IntegerField()
    content = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    reply = models.ForeignKey('Comment', null=True, blank=True)
    # 形成阶梯

中间件

p124 130-133（没看）

WSGI

Django 生命周期：

MVC，MTV

models（数据库，模型）
views（html模板）=> templates
controllers（业务逻辑处理）=> views

Form组件

Form 验证
- 需要对请求数据做验证
- 获取到数据然后进行验证
- login:
邮箱正则
- register:
邮箱正则

问题：
- 无法记住上次提交内容，刷新页面数据消失
- 重复进行用户数据校验：正则，长度，是否为空

Django 提供 Form 组件：

1. 定义规则
from django.forms import Form, fields
class xxx(Form):
xx = fields.CharField(required=True, max_length…, error_message=…)

2. 使用
obj = xxx(request.POST)
# 是否校验成功
v = obj.is_valid() # 根据字段名称匹配 html 标签 name 属性 = Form 类字段名
# 所有错误信息
obj.errors
# 正确信息
obj.cleaned_data

views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.forms import Form, fields


class LoginForm(Form):
    # 正则验证：不能为空，6-18
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=18,
        min_length=6,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            'required': '用户名不能为空',
            'min_length': '太短了',
            'max_length': '太长了',
        }
    )
    # 正则验证：不能为空，16+
    password = fields.CharField(min_length=16, required=True)


def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
        # user = request.POST.get('username')
        # pwd = request.POST.get('password')
        # if user == 'root' and pwd == '123':
        #     return redirect("www.baidu.com")
        # else:
        #     return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg': "用户名或密码错误"})
        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data)  # 字典类型
            # .create(**obj.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(obj.errors['username'][0])
            print(obj.errors['password'][0])
            return render(request, 'login.html', {'obj': obj})

login.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="POST" action="/login/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>
            用户：<input type="text" name="username"> {{ obj.errors.username.0 }}
        </p>
        <p>
            密码：<input type="password" name="password"> {{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
        {{ msg }}
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Tsuki_0

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Django入门到放弃学习笔记 08

跟b站武沛齐老师的视频学习对学习过程进行一些记录以便复习同时自我督促 :D冲鸭视频链接: 15天django入门到放弃-哔哩哔哩.文章目录练习题男女生分别建表男女生合并为一张表补充自关联中间件WSGIMVC，MTVForm组件练习题男女生分别建表models.py:from django.db import modelsclass Boy(models.Model): nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32) userna.
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