基于Tkinter的简单计算器开发

基于Tkinter的简单计算器开发

V1.0

import tkinter

def on_screen(s: str):
    screen['text'] += s

def calculate():
    screen['text'] = str(eval(screen['text']))

root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title("Calculators")
root.geometry('410x300')

screen = tkinter.Label(text='')
screen.place(x=100, y=50, width=150, height=50)
tkinter.Button(text='1', command=lambda: on_screen("1")).place(x=100, y=100, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='2', command=lambda: on_screen("2")).place(x=175, y=100, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='3', command=lambda: on_screen("3")).place(x=250, y=100, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='4', command=lambda: on_screen("4")).place(x=100, y=130, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='5', command=lambda: on_screen("5")).place(x=175, y=130, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='6', command=lambda: on_screen("6")).place(x=250, y=130, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='7', command=lambda: on_screen("7")).place(x=100, y=160, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='8', command=lambda: on_screen("8")).place(x=175, y=160, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='9', command=lambda: on_screen("9")).place(x=250, y=160, width=75, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='+', command=lambda: on_screen("+")).place(x=100, y=190, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='-', command=lambda: on_screen("-")).place(x=212, y=190, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='*', command=lambda: on_screen("*")).place(x=100, y=220, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='/', command=lambda: on_screen("/")).place(x=212, y=220, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='=', command=calculate).place(x=100, y=250, width=225, height=30)

root.update()
root.mainloop()

需要更新：

1. 增加括号
2. 调整界面，美化界面
3. 把中间几个按键的写法改进以下，把坐标值单独做出去做成数组

Bug记录：

试图通过这种方式来简化程序的书写：

number_position = [[100, 100], [175, 100], [250, 100],
                   [100, 130], [175, 130], [250, 130],
                   [100, 160], [175, 160], [250, 160]
                   ]
number_size = [75, 30]
tkinter.Button(text=str(i + 1), command=lambda: on_screen(str(i + 1))).place(x=number_position[i][0],
                                                                                 y=number_position[i][1],
                                                                                 width=number_size[0],
                                                                                 height=number_size[1])

但是实际反应出来，不管按什么键，显示的都是9，这关系到lambda的用法

按照我之前的理解，button的command属性只能赋予函数名，但是如果要调用参数的话，就只能用lambda包装成一个函数名，相当于：

command = func_name
func_name = lambda: func(x)

实际上这样也是有效的

import tkinter

def s(string):
    b['text'] += string

root = tkinter.Tk()
b = tkinter.Button(text="哈", command=lambda: s("嘿"))
b.pack()
root.mainloop()

这样是可以实现预想的功能，达到button的command可以调参的结果

但是在这个例子里却出现了BUG，为什么？

因为赋予每一个button的command不是我预想的func_name = on_screen(str(1)),on_screen(str(2))这些名字，而是实打实的on_screen(str(i+1))

那么自然所有的button.command对应的函数名最后都是on_screen(str(9))

修改方案如下，把原来的展示函数改成返回一个函数名：

# 修改之前的展示函数
def on_screen(s: str):
    screen['text'] += s

# 修改之后的展示函数，分离了函数名生成和真正的函数
def on_screen(s: str):
    return lambda: show(s)

def show(s):
    screen['text'] += s

再加上一些美化，和非法输入警告

V2.0

import tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox

number_position = [[100, 100], [175, 100], [250, 100],
                   [100, 130], [175, 130], [250, 130],
                   [100, 160], [175, 160], [250, 160]
                   ]
number_size = [75, 30]

def on_screen(s: str):
    return lambda: show(s)

def show(s):
    screen['text'] += s

def zero():
        screen['text'] = ''

def calculate():
    try:
        screen['text'] = str(eval(screen['text']))
    except:
        zero()
        messagebox.showerror('Error', '请输入正确的表达式')

root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title("Calculators")
root.geometry('410x380')

screen = tkinter.Label(text='', borderwidth=5, relief=tkinter.GROOVE)
screen.place(x=100, y=50, width=228, height=50)
for i in range(9):
    tkinter.Button(text=str(i + 1), command=on_screen(str(i + 1))).place(x=number_position[i][0],
                                                                         y=number_position[i][1],
                                                                         width=number_size[0],
                                                                         height=number_size[1])
tkinter.Button(text='+', command=on_screen("+")).place(x=100, y=190, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='-', command=on_screen("-")).place(x=212, y=190, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='*', command=on_screen("*")).place(x=100, y=220, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='/', command=on_screen("/")).place(x=212, y=220, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='(', command=on_screen("(")).place(x=100, y=250, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text=')', command=on_screen(")")).place(x=212, y=250, width=112, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='=', command=calculate).place(x=100, y=280, width=225, height=30)
tkinter.Button(text='AC', command=zero).place(x=100, y=310, width=225, height=30)

root.update()
root.mainloop()