设计模式之装饰器模式

装饰器模式允许向一个现有的对象添加新功能，同时又不改变其结构。装饰器模式用于对现有类的包装，它属于结构型模式。

一般的，我们为了扩展一个类经常使用继承方式实现，由于继承为类引入静态特征，并且随着扩展功能的增多，子类会很膨胀。

如要动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，装饰器模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

场景模拟

装饰器模式在游戏中应用非常广泛，比如LOL英雄升级，每次英雄升级都会附加一个额外技能学习的场景。英雄升级是原有结构，所学习技能便是一个附加描述。

interface Hero {
    learnSkills(): void;
}

class BlindMonk implements Hero {

    private name: String;
    level: number = 0;

    constructor(name: String) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        console.log(this.name + "学习了以下技能!")
    }
    
}

class Skills implements Hero {

    private hero: Hero;

    constructor(hero: Hero) {
        this.hero = hero;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        if (this.hero != null) {
            this.hero.learnSkills();
        }
    }

}

class Skill_Q extends Skills {

    private skillName: String;
    private level: number;

    constructor(hero: Hero, skillName: String, level: number) {
        super(hero);
        this.skillName = skillName;
        this.level = level;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        super.learnSkills();
        console.log(this.level + "级学习了Q技能:" + this.skillName)
    }

}

class Skill_W extends Skills {

    private skillName: String;
    private level: number;

    constructor(hero: Hero, skillName: String, level: number) {
        super(hero);
        this.skillName = skillName;
        this.level = level;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        super.learnSkills();
        console.log(this.level + "级学习了W技能:" + this.skillName)
    }

}

class Skill_E extends Skills {

    private skillName: String;
    private level: number;

    constructor(hero: Hero, skillName: String, level: number) {
        super(hero);
        this.skillName = skillName;
        this.level = level;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        super.learnSkills();
        console.log(this.level + "级学习了E技能:" + this.skillName);
    }
}

class Skill_R extends Skills {

    private skillName: String;
    private level: number;

    constructor(hero: Hero, skillName: String, level: number) {
        super(hero);
        this.skillName = skillName;
        this.level = level;
    }

    learnSkills(): void {
        super.learnSkills();
        console.log(this.level + "级学习了R技能:" + this.skillName);
    }
}

        //选择英雄
    let  hero:Hero = new BlindMonk("李青");
        
    let  skills:Skills = new Skills(hero);
        
    // 1级学q
    let  lev1:Skills = new Skill_Q(skills,"天音波/回音击",1);
    // 2级学w
    let  lev2:Skills = new Skill_W(lev1,"金钟罩/铁布衫",2);	
    // 3级学e
    let  lev3:Skills = new Skill_E(lev2,"天雷破/摧筋断骨",3);
    // 4级学q
    let  lev4:Skills = new Skill_Q(lev3,"天音波/回音击",4);
    // 5级学w
    let  lev5:Skills = new Skill_W(lev4,"金钟罩/铁布衫",5);
    // 6级学r
    let  lev6:Skills = new Skill_R(lev5,"猛龙摆尾",6);
    //学习技能
    lev6.learnSkills();