h264与mpeg2区别

h264与mpeg2区别 - R - Polya`s Tv Live
 
各种协议对带宽的占用

MPEG2 协议
 1 . 8.192Mbit/s :分解力为 720 × 576 ,每秒 25 帧,图像清晰,色彩鲜明,画面逼真,层次感强,图像剧烈运动时马赛克效应不可察觉(在一般会议室环境照度下),为数字地面广播级图 像。
2 . 6.144Mbit/s :分解力为 720 × 576 ,每秒 25 帧,图像清晰,色彩较鲜明,画面逼真,层次感较强, 图像剧烈运动时马赛克效应偶可察觉(在一般会议室环境照度下)。
3 . 4.096Mbit/s :分解力为 720 × 576 ,每秒 25 帧,图像清晰度和色彩鲜明度较以上两种速率略有下 降,画面较逼真,层次感一般,图像剧烈运动时马赛克效应刚可察觉(在一般会议室环境照度下)。”
4 .在 2M 以下的带宽下基本不可用。
上面的结论就是:如果要达到比较好的效果, MPEG2 产品需要至少到 6M 。而且其带宽只能在 2M 、 4M 、 6M 、 8M 之间切换。

 H.263 、 H.261 协议
协议规定的最高带宽是 2M ,一般情况下,在 384k 可以基本商用, 768k 带宽即可达到一般商用效果, 2M 带宽下,可以达到 CIF 分辨率、 25 帧以上的效果,达到高端客户需求。

H.264 协议
相对于 H.263 协议, H.264 在低带宽下有了长足的进步,可以达到的效果是: 256k 即可基本商用, 1M 带宽即可达到高端商用客户需求, 2M 带宽可以达到支持动态 4CIF 图像效果,和 MPEG2 协议 8M 带宽效果相当。
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根据提供的引用内容,您可以使用FFmpeg API在C#中编写程序,以实现将H264关键帧转换为BMP的功能。以下是大致的流程原理: 1.使用FFmpeg API解复用mp4文件,得到一个视频流。 2.将视频流解码为yuv序列。 3.将yuv序列中指定的一帧图片内容转换为rgb。 4.将rgb数据存储为bmp位图。 以下是一个C#的示例代码: ```csharp using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace H264ToBmp { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // 初始化FFmpeg FFmpeg.av_register_all(); FFmpeg.avcodec_register_all(); // 打开输入文件 string inputFileName = "input.mp4"; AVFormatContext* inputFormatContext = null; if (FFmpeg.avformat_open_input(&inputFormatContext, inputFileName, null, null) != 0) { Console.WriteLine("无法打开输入文件"); return; } // 查找视频流 int videoStreamIndex = -1; for (int i = 0; i < inputFormatContext->nb_streams; i++) { if (inputFormatContext->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMediaType.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { videoStreamIndex = i; break; } } if (videoStreamIndex == -1) { Console.WriteLine("无法找到视频流"); return; } // 打开视频解码器 AVCodec* videoCodec = FFmpeg.avcodec_find_decoder(inputFormatContext->streams[videoStreamIndex]->codecpar->codec_id); if (videoCodec == null) { Console.WriteLine("无法找到视频解码器"); return; } AVCodecContext* videoCodecContext = FFmpeg.avcodec_alloc_context3(videoCodec); if (FFmpeg.avcodec_parameters_to_context(videoCodecContext, inputFormatContext->streams[videoStreamIndex]->codecpar) < 0) { Console.WriteLine("无法初始化视频解码器上下文"); return; } if (FFmpeg.avcodec_open2(videoCodecContext, videoCodec, null) < 0) { Console.WriteLine("无法打开视频解码器"); return; } // 查找关键帧 AVPacket packet = new AVPacket(); AVFrame* frame = FFmpeg.av_frame_alloc(); int gotPicture = 0; while (FFmpeg.av_read_frame(inputFormatContext, &packet) >= 0) { if (packet.stream_index == videoStreamIndex) { if (FFmpeg.avcodec_decode_video2(videoCodecContext, frame, &gotPicture, &packet) < 0) { Console.WriteLine("无法解码视频帧"); return; } if (gotPicture != 0 && (frame->key_frame != 0 || frame->pict_type == AVPictureType.AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I)) { break; } } FFmpeg.av_packet_unref(&packet); } // 将yuv序列转换为rgb SwsContext* swsContext = FFmpeg.sws_getContext(videoCodecContext->width, videoCodecContext->height, videoCodecContext->pix_fmt, videoCodecContext->width, videoCodecContext->height, AVPixelFormat.AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24, 0, null, null, null); AVFrame* rgbFrame = FFmpeg.av_frame_alloc(); byte_ptrArray4 rgbData = new byte_ptrArray4(); int rgbDataSize = FFmpeg.av_image_alloc(rgbData, null, videoCodecContext->width, videoCodecContext->height, AVPixelFormat.AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24, 1); FFmpeg.sws_scale(swsContext, frame->data, frame->linesize, 0, videoCodecContext->height, rgbData, rgbFrame->linesize); // 将rgb数据存储为bmp位图 Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(videoCodecContext->width, videoCodecContext->height, videoCodecContext->width * 3, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb, new IntPtr(rgbData[0])); bmp.Save("output.bmp", ImageFormat.Bmp); // 释放资源 FFmpeg.avformat_close_input(&inputFormatContext); FFmpeg.avcodec_free_context(&videoCodecContext); FFmpeg.av_frame_free(&frame); FFmpeg.sws_freeContext(swsContext); FFmpeg.av_frame_free(&rgbFrame); FFmpeg.av_freep(&rgbData[0]); } } public unsafe static class FFmpeg { private const string DllName = "ffmpeg.dll"; [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void av_register_all(); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void avcodec_register_all(); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int avformat_open_input(AVFormatContext** ps, string url, AVInputFormat* fmt, AVDictionary** options); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int avcodec_decode_video2(AVCodecContext* avctx, AVFrame* picture, int* got_picture_ptr, AVPacket* avpkt); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern AVCodec* avcodec_find_decoder(AVCodecID id); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern AVCodecContext* avcodec_alloc_context3(AVCodec* codec); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int avcodec_parameters_to_context(AVCodecContext* codec, AVCodecParameters* par); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int avcodec_open2(AVCodecContext* avctx, AVCodec* codec, AVDictionary** options); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int av_read_frame(AVFormatContext* s, AVPacket* pkt); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void av_packet_unref(AVPacket* pkt); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern AVFrame* av_frame_alloc(); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern SwsContext* sws_getContext(int srcW, int srcH, AVPixelFormat srcFormat, int dstW, int dstH, AVPixelFormat dstFormat, int flags, SwsFilter* srcFilter, SwsFilter* dstFilter, double* param); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern int av_image_alloc(byte_ptrArray4 pointers, int_array4 linesizes, int w, int h, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt, int align); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void sws_scale(SwsContext* c, byte_ptrArray4 srcSlice, int_array4 srcStride, int srcSliceY, int srcSliceH, byte_ptrArray4 dst, int_array4 dstStride); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void sws_freeContext(SwsContext* swsContext); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void av_frame_free(AVFrame** frame); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void avcodec_free_context(AVCodecContext** avctx); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void avformat_close_input(AVFormatContext** s); [DllImport(DllName)] public static extern void av_freep(void* ptr); } public enum AVMediaType { AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO, AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA, AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE, AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT, AVMEDIA_TYPE_NB } public enum AVCodecID { AV_CODEC_ID_NONE, /* video codecs */ AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO, ///< preferred ID for MPEG-1/2 video decoding AV_CODEC_ID_H261, AV_CODEC_ID_H263, AV_CODEC_ID_RV10, AV_CODEC_ID_RV20, AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEGB, AV_CODEC_ID_LJPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_SP5X, AV_CODEC_ID_JPEGLS, AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V1, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V2, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V3, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV1, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV2, AV_CODEC_ID_H263P, AV_CODEC_ID_H263I, AV_CODEC_ID_FLV1, AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ1, AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ3, AV_CODEC_ID_DVVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_HUFFYUV, AV_CODEC_ID_CYUV, AV_CODEC_ID_H264, AV_CODEC_ID_INDEO3, AV_CODEC_ID_VP3, AV_CODEC_ID_THEORA, AV_CODEC_ID_ASV1, AV_CODEC_ID_ASV2, AV_CODEC_ID_FFV1, AV_CODEC_ID_4XM, AV_CODEC_ID_VCR1, AV_CODEC_ID_CLJR, AV_CODEC_ID_MDEC, AV_CODEC_ID_ROQ, AV_CODEC_ID_INTERPLAY_VIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_XAN_WC3, AV_CODEC_ID_XAN_WC4, AV_CODEC_ID_RPZA, AV_CODEC_ID_CINEPAK, AV_CODEC_ID_WS_VQA, AV_CODEC_ID_MSRLE, AV_CODEC_ID_MSVIDEO1, AV_CODEC_ID_IDCIN, AV_CODEC_ID_8BPS, AV_CODEC_ID_SMC, AV_CODEC_ID_FLIC, AV_CODEC_ID_TRUEMOTION1, AV_CODEC_ID_VMDVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_MSZH, AV_CODEC_ID_ZLIB, AV_CODEC_ID_QTRLE, AV_CODEC_ID_TSCC, AV_CODEC_ID_ULTI, AV_CODEC_ID_QDRAW, AV_CODEC_ID_VIXL, AV_CODEC_ID_QPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_PNG, AV_CODEC_ID_PPM, AV_CODEC_ID_PBM, AV_CODEC_ID_PGM, AV_CODEC_ID_PGMYUV, AV_CODEC_ID_PAM, AV_CODEC_ID_FFVHUFF, AV_CODEC_ID_RV30, AV_CODEC_ID_RV40, AV_CODEC_ID_VC1, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV3, AV_CODEC_ID_LOCO, AV_CODEC_ID_WNV1, AV_CODEC_ID_AASC, AV_CODEC_ID_INDEO2, AV_CODEC_ID_FRAPS, AV_CODEC_ID_TRUEMOTION2, AV_CODEC_ID_BMP, AV_CODEC_ID_CSCD, AV_CODEC_ID_MMVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_ZMBV, AV_CODEC_ID_AVS, AV_CODEC_ID_SMACKVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_NUV, AV_CODEC_ID_KMVC, AV_CODEC_ID_FLASHSV, AV_CODEC_ID_CAVS, AV_CODEC_ID_JPEG2000, AV_CODEC_ID_VMNC, AV_CODEC_ID_VP5, AV_CODEC_ID_VP6, AV_CODEC_ID_VP6F, AV_CODEC_ID_TARGA, AV_CODEC_ID_DSICINVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_TIERTEXSEQVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_TIFF, AV_CODEC_ID_GIF, AV_CODEC_ID_DXA, AV_CODEC_ID_DNXHD, AV_CODEC_ID_THP, AV_CODEC_ID_SGI, AV_CODEC_ID_C93, AV_CODEC_ID_BETHSOFTVID, AV_CODEC_ID_PTX, AV_CODEC_ID_TXD, AV_CODEC_ID_VP6A, AV_CODEC_ID_AMV, AV_CODEC_ID_VB, AV_CODEC_ID_PCX, AV_CODEC_ID_SUNRAST, AV_CODEC_ID_INDEO4, AV_CODEC_ID_INDEO5, AV_CODEC_ID_MIMIC, AV_CODEC_ID_RL2, AV_CODEC_ID_ESCAPE124, AV_CODEC_ID_DIRAC, AV_CODEC_ID_BFI, AV_CODEC_ID_CMV, AV_CODEC_ID_MOTIONPIXELS, AV_CODEC_ID_TGV, AV_CODEC_ID_TGQ, AV_CODEC_ID_TQI, AV_CODEC_ID_AURA, AV_CODEC_ID_AURA2, AV_CODEC_ID_V210X, AV_CODEC_ID_TMV, AV_CODEC_ID_V210, AV_CODEC_ID_DPX, AV_CODEC_ID_MAD, AV_CODEC_ID_FRWU, AV_CODEC_ID_FLASHSV2, AV_CODEC_ID_CDGRAPHICS, AV_CODEC_ID_R210, AV_CODEC_ID_ANM, AV_CODEC_ID_BINKVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_IFF_ILBM, AV_CODEC_ID_IFF_BYTERUN1, AV_CODEC_ID_KGV1, AV_CODEC_ID_YOP, AV_CODEC_ID_VP8, AV_CODEC_ID_PICTOR, AV_CODEC_ID_ANSI, AV_CODEC_ID_A64_MULTI, AV_CODEC_ID_A64_MULTI5, AV_CODEC_ID_R10K, AV_CODEC_ID_MXPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_LAGARITH, AV_CODEC_ID_PRORES, AV_CODEC_ID_JV, AV_CODEC_ID_DFA, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV3IMAGE, AV_CODEC_ID_VC1IMAGE, AV_CODEC_ID_UTVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_BMV_VIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_VBLE, AV_CODEC_ID_DXTORY, AV_CODEC_ID_V410, AV_CODEC_ID_XWD, AV_CODEC_ID_CDXL, AV_CODEC_ID_XBM, AV_CODEC_ID_ZEROCODEC,
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