- 超类、基类,所有类直接或间接父类,位于继承树的最顶层
- getClass()方法
- public final Class<?> getClass(){}
- 返回引用中存储的实际对象类型
- 通常用于判断两个引用中实际存储对象类型是否一致
public class Student{
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(){}
public Student(String name,int age){
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public void setName(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age){
this.age = age;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
Student s1 = new Student("aaa",10);
Student s2 = new Student("bbb",20);
Class class1 = s1.getClass();
Class class2 = s2.getClass();
if(class1 == class2){
System.out.println("s1和s2是同一个类型");
}else{
System.out.println("s1和s2不是同一个类型");
}
}
}
- hashCode()方法
- public int hashCode(){}
- 返回该对象的哈希码值
- 哈希值根据对象的地址或者字符串或者数字使用hash算法计算出来的int类型的数值
- 一般情况下相同对象返回相同哈希值码
public class Student{
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
Student s1 = new Student("aaa",10);
Student s2 = new Student("bbb",20);
System.out.println(s1.hashCode());
System.out.println(s2.hashCode());
Student s3 = s1;
System.out.println(s3.hashCode());
}
}
- toString()方法
- public String toString(){}
- 返回该对象的字符串表示(表现形式)
- 可以根据程序需求覆盖该方法
public class Student{
@Override
Public String toString(){
return name + ":" + age;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
Student s1 = new Student("aaa",10);
Student s2 = new Student("bbb",20);
System.out.println(s1.toString());
System.out.println(s2.toString());
}
}
- equals()方法
- public boolean equals(Object obj){}
- 默认实现为(this == obj),比较两个对象的地址是否相同
- 可进行覆盖,比较两个对象的内容是否相同,覆盖步骤如下:
- 比较两个引用是否指向同一个对象
- 判断obj是否为null
- 判断两个引用指向的实际对象类型是否一致
- 强制类型转换
- 依次比较各个属性值是否相同
public class Student{
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj){
if(this == obj){
return true;
}
if(obj == null){
return false
}
if(obj instanceof Student){
Student s = (Student) obj;
if(this.name.equals(s.getName())&&this.age == s.getAge()){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
Student s1 = new Student("aaa",10);
Student s2 = new Student("bbb",20);
Student s3 = new Student("ccc",10);
Student s4 = new Student("ccc",10);
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s3.equals(s4));
}
}
- finalize()方法
- 当对象被判定为垃圾对象时,由JVM自动调用此方法,用于标记垃圾对象进入回收队列
- 垃圾对象:没有有效引用指向此对象时,为垃圾对象
- 垃圾回收:由GC销毁垃圾对象,释放数据存储空间
- 自动回收机制:JVM的内存耗尽,一次性回收所有垃圾对象
- 手动回收机制:使用System.gc();通知JVM执行垃圾回收
public class Student{
@Override
public void finalize() throws Throwable{
System.out.println(this.name + "对象被回收了");
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
Student s1 = new Student("aaa",10);
Student s2 = new Student("bbb",20);
Student s3 = new Student("ccc",10);
Student s4 = new Student("ddd",10);
Student s5 = new Student("eee",10);
System.gc();
System.out.println("回收垃圾");
}
}
public class Test2{
public static void main(String[] args){
new Student("aaa",10);
new Student("bbb",20);
new Student("ccc",10);
new Student("ddd",10);
new Student("eee",10);
System.gc();
System.out.println("回收垃圾");
}
}