牛客周赛 Round 59 F范德蒙卷积

思路：对于计数问题，考虑两个数对于答案的贡献，考虑 $a_i$ 和 $a_j$ 作为子序列中的两个对称位置，其在多少个字符串中出现过，显然，若$a_i$ 距离子序列字符串s的首位距离为 x, 那么 $a_j$ 距离子序列串的结尾的距离也为 x，那么在给的原串中，代表我们可以在前 i-1 位选择 x 个，在后 n-j 位选择 x 位，那么我们总共需要枚举 i ，j ，x，这样时间复杂度 $n^3$ ，考虑优化，那么使用范德蒙卷积即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 4e6 + 5;
typedef long long ll;
const int maxv = 4e6 + 5;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef array<int,4> ar;
#define endl "\n"

template<const int T>
struct ModInt {
    const static int mod = T;
    int x;
    ModInt(int x = 0) : x(x % mod) {}
    ModInt(long long x) : x(int(x % mod)) {} 
    int val() { return x; }
    ModInt operator + (const ModInt &a) const { int x0 = x + a.x; return ModInt(x0 < mod ? x0 : x0 - mod); }
    ModInt operator - (const ModInt &a) const { int x0 = x - a.x; return ModInt(x0 < 0 ? x0 + mod : x0); }
    ModInt operator * (const ModInt &a) const { return ModInt(1LL * x * a.x % mod); }
    ModInt operator / (const ModInt &a) const { return *this * a.inv(); }
    bool operator == (const ModInt &a) const { return x == a.x; };
    bool operator != (const ModInt &a) const { return x != a.x; };
    void operator += (const ModInt &a) { x += a.x; if (x >= mod) x -= mod; }
    void operator -= (const ModInt &a) { x -= a.x; if (x < 0) x += mod; }
    void operator *= (const ModInt &a) { x = 1LL * x * a.x % mod; }
    void operator /= (const ModInt &a) { *this = *this / a; }
    friend ModInt operator + (int y, const ModInt &a){ int x0 = y + a.x; return ModInt(x0 < mod ? x0 : x0 - mod); }
    friend ModInt operator - (int y, const ModInt &a){ int x0 = y - a.x; return ModInt(x0 < 0 ? x0 + mod : x0); }
    friend ModInt operator * (int y, const ModInt &a){ return ModInt(1LL * y * a.x % mod);}
    friend ModInt operator / (int y, const ModInt &a){ return ModInt(y) / a;}
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const ModInt &a) { return os << a.x;}
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, ModInt &t){return is >> t.x;}

    ModInt pow(int64_t n) const {
        ModInt res(1), mul(x);
        while(n){
            if (n & 1) res *= mul;
            mul *= mul;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    ModInt inv() const {
        int a = x, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0;
        while (b) {
            int t = a / b;
            a -= t * b; swap(a, b);
            u -= t * v; swap(u, v);
        }
        if (u < 0) u += mod;
        return u;
    }
    
};
using mint = ModInt<1000000007>;
// constexpr mod = ...;
// using Mint = modint<mod>;
struct Fact {
    vector<mint> fact, factinv;
    const int n;
    Fact(const int& _n) : n(_n), fact(_n + 1, mint(1)), factinv(_n + 1) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
        factinv[n] = fact[n].inv();
        for (int i = n; i; --i) factinv[i - 1] = factinv[i] * i;
    }
    mint C(const int& n, const int& k) {
        if (n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
        return fact[n] * factinv[k] * factinv[n - k];
    }
    mint A(const int& n, const int& k) {
        if (n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
        return fact[n] * factinv[n - k];
    }
};

Fact z(N);

void solve()
{
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    vector<int> a(n+1);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cin>>a[i];
    mint ans=0;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        for(int j=i+1;j<=n;j++){
            mint res=2;
            ans+=z.C(i-1+n-j,n-j)*res.pow(j-i-1)*(a[i]!=a[j]);
        }
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
}

int main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cin.tie(0);
	cout.tie(0);
	int t = 1;
// 	cin>>t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}