IEEE 802.15

developerWorks > Wireless > Checking in on 802.15 An update on the 802.15 WPAN committee's work 01 Sep 2001 Recently a committee was created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to develop a new standard called 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), which will use the Bluetooth standard as its foundation. This article discusses the goals and specifications being developed by the 802.15 committee. Once developed, the 802.15 specification will provide a common standard that has broad market applicability, as more wireless devices will interoperate with each other. Overview of 802.15 WPAN The 802.15 WPAN is an initiative by the IEEE focused on developing a common set of standards for Personal Area Networks or short distance wireless networks. Established in January 1999, the WPAN working group, which is part of the Local and Metropolitan Area Network Standards Committee of IEEE, has since formed four task groups, each focused on necessary standards. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) specification serves as the foundation for developing the IEEE 802.15 WPAN standard, which would standardize the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers of Bluetooth. The Bluetooth SIG, established in 1998, made their specifications publicly available in the middle of 1999. The idea behind WPAN is to publish standards that allow devices such as PCs, PDAs, mobile phones, pagers, and other handheld devices to communicate and interoperate with one another. The goal of publishing the 802.15 standards will be to accomodate wider adoption and applicability, and to deal with issues like coexistence and interoperability within the networks. The following are characteristics of a WPAN: • Short-range • Low power • Low cost • Small networks • Communication of devices within a Personal Operating Space 802 architecture and relation to Bluetooth The IEEE 802 Standards Committee is primarily focused on the layers 1 and 2 (Physical and Data Link) of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. The 802.15 WPAN is one of the IEEE series of standards that falls under the 802 standard. The 802.15 WPAN committee is working on standardizing the PHY and MAC layers of Bluetooth. Below is the architecture of the 802 standard illustrating where the focus of the standard is in relation to the OSI Reference Model and how it relates to Bluetooth: Functions of lower layer protocols RF layer The air interface is based on antenna power range starting from 0 dBm up to 20 dBm. Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz band and the link range is anywhere from 10 centimeters to 10 meters. Baseband layer The Baseband layer establishes the Bluetooth physical link between devices forming a piconet -- a network of devices connected in an ad hoc fashion using Bluetooth technology. A piconet is formed when two Bluetooth devices connect, and can support up to eight devices. In a piconet one device acts as the master and the other devices act as slaves. Link manager The link manager sets up the link between Bluetooth devices. Other functions of the link manager include security, negotiation of Baseband packet sizes, power mode and duty cycle control of the Bluetooth device, and the connection states of a Bluetooth device in a piconet. Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) This layer provides the upper layer protocols with connectionless and connection-oriented services. The services provided by this layer include protocol multiplexing capability, segmentation and reassembly of packets, and group abstractions. Current scope and focus within the 802.15 WPAN committee The 802.15 WPAN committee is currently comprised of four subcommittees or task groups. At the time of this writing, the focus and tasks of the four groups are as follows. 802.15 WPAN Task Group 1 The 802.15 WPAN Task Group 1 (TG1) is using the Bluetooth v1.0 specifications to derive the WPAN standard. The scope and focus of TG1 are to define PHY and MAC specifications for wireless connectivity between devices that are either fixed or portable within the personal operating space. The goal will be to allow low complexity, low power consumption wireless connectivity to support data transfer to and from a WPAN device and an 802.11 device. The proposed standard will take into account coexistence with all 802.11 devices. 802.15 WPAN Task Group 2 Task Group 2's (TG2) scope and focus is to address the coexistence of WPANs and WLANs. TG2 is developing a coexistence model to quantify the mutual interference of a WLAN and a WPAN. The Task Group is also developing a set of coexistence mechanisms to facilitate coexistence of WLAN and WPAN devices. 802.15 WPAN Task Group 3 Task Group 3's (TG3) scope and focus is to publish a new standard for a high data rate, 20 Mbps or greater, for WPANs. TG3 will also be looking at providing a solution that is low power and low cost, addressing the needs of digital imaging and multimedia applications. The new standard will comply with the TG1 standard. 802.15 WPAN Task Group 4 Task Group 4's (TG4) scope and focus is to determine a solution with a low data rate and long battery life, potentially months to years, with very low complexity. The solution determined would need to operate within an unlicensed and global frequency band. The solution could potentially be applied to sensors, remote controls, appliances, toys, etc. The future of 802.15 WPAN The draft proposals submitted by the task groups will most likely be finalized by the end of 2001 or early 2002. Manufacturers of devices have already started developing WPAN standard based devices. You will see more of these devices as the WPAN specification becomes finalized in mid to late 2002. Resources • Visit the 802.15 WPAN Web site. • For more information on the Bluetooth SIG, see the Bluetooth SIG Web site. • Visit the BlueHoc home page on IBM's developerWorks Open Source zone. • Return to the Wireless topic here on developerWorks. About the author Vivek Malhotra is technical director of the Wireless Solutions Practice for Etensity. Vivek has several years of experience developing and implementing wireless applications and has spoken on expert panels focusing on the wireless industry. Vivek can be reached at vmalhotra@etensity.com. Checking in on 802.15 最近一个IEEE电力电子学会建立的委员会开发一种新的被称为802.15 的以蓝牙为基础的无线个人局域网。这是一片讨论委员会开发802.15标准目的和规范的文章。一旦完成，802.15规范将为更多的无限设备接入提供广阔的市场应用。 概述802.15WPAN（无线无线个人局域网） IEEE 802.15是由 IEEE 制定的一种为个人局域网或短距离无线通信规范标准。IEEE 802.15工作组成立于1999年1月，是本地和大城市局域网标准委员会的一部分。后来分为四个工作组，每一个为特定的需求标准。蓝牙特别利益小组（SIG）蓝牙服务规范作为无线媒体接入控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）规范。蓝牙特别利益小组（SIG）成立于1998年，1999年年中他们的标准部门批准成为一个正式标准。无线无线个人局域网（WPAN）真正目的是要把像pc机 PDA,手机，传呼，和手持设备可以彼此互联。目标是使802.15标准得到广阔的应用，并且解决像在同一局域网内并存和互联类似的问题。下面无线无线个人局域网的特性。短程低能量低成本小型网络及通信设备适用于个人操作空间 802体系结构和与蓝牙的联系应用层 表示层 会话层 传输层 网络层 数据链路层 物理层 IEEE802标准委员会主要集中在开放系统互联模型第1，2 层（物理层和数据链路层）。802.15无线无线个人局域网是802系列标准的延续。802.15无线无线个人局域网工作在蓝牙的无线媒体接入控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）规范。下面举例说明其和OSI模型还有蓝牙之间的关系 逻辑链路控制 媒体入口控制 物理层 RF layer：该无线接口基于天线能力，范围从0 dBm 到 20 dBm。蓝牙技术运行在2.4 GHz 波段并且传输链路范围从10厘米到10米左右。 　　基带层（Baseband Layer）：在设备之间建立蓝牙物理链路，从而形成一个 Piconet（即微微网） － 通过蓝牙技术连接在一起的网络设备。　　链路管理器（Link Manager）：在蓝牙设备间建立链路。链路管理器的其它功能还包括：安全、基带数据包大小协商、电源模式、蓝牙设备的周期性控制以及蓝牙设备在 Piconet 中的连接状态。逻辑链路控制和适配协议（L2CAP：Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol）：提供无连接和面向连接服务的上层协议。当前的802.15委员会的的机会和焦点 802.15无线个人局域网委员会由如下四个小组或者说工作组组成 802.15工作组1（TG1）本质上只是蓝牙低层协议的一个正式标准化版本，大多数标准制定工作仍由蓝牙特别兴趣组（SIG）在做，其成果将由IEEE批准。原始的802.15.1标准基于蓝牙1.0，在目前大多数蓝牙器件中采用的都是这一版本。新的版本802.15.1a将对应于蓝牙1.2，它包括某些QOS增强功能，完全后向兼容。蓝牙是第一个面向低速率应用的标准，但是它的市场情况不太理想，其原因之一是受802.11b 的冲击，WiFi产品的价格大幅度下降在某些应用方面抑制了蓝牙的优势。另一个原因是蓝牙为了覆盖更多的应用和提供ＱｏＳ使其偏离了原来设计简单的目标，复杂使蓝牙变得昂贵，不再适合那些要求低功率、低成本的简单应用。另外它还存在可扩展性方面的问题。 802.15工作组2（TG2）是对蓝牙和802.15.1的一些改变，其目的是减轻与802.11b和802.11g网络的干扰。这些网络都使用2.4Ghz频段，如果想同时使用蓝牙和WIFI的话，就需要使用802.15.2或其他专有方案。 802.15工作组３（TG3）也称WIMEDIA，旨在实现高速率。最初它瞄准的是消费类器件，如电视机和数码照相机等。其原始版本规定的速率高达55Mbps，使用基于802.11但不兼容的物理层。后来多数厂商倾向于使用802.15.3a，它使用超宽带（UWB）的多频段OFDM联盟（MBOA）的物理层，速率高达480Mbps。打算生产802.15.3a产品的厂商成立了WiMedia联盟，其任务是对设备进行测试和贴牌，以保证标准的一致性。 s;A ©华术论坛 -- 中国技术论坛　　^ 802.15工作组４（TG4），属于低速率短距离的无线个人域网。它的设计目标是低功耗、低成本和低速率。方案定义了使用在全球开放频率。方案有应用于传感器，遥控器的潜力 802.15 WPAN的未来工作组的草稿将在2001或2002 年初定型。开发商已经开始开发WPAN标准的设备。你将会看到更多的无线个人局域网（WPAN）规范的设备投入使用。 资源访问802.15 WPAN Web site. 更多信息Bluetooth SIG Web site. 访问BlueHoc home page 在IBM's developerWorks Open Source zone.