基于STM32串口通信的ESP8266WiFi模块使用


掌握esp8266的使用可以实现真正的万物物联。esp8266wifi通信对于MCU而言归结到底还是串口或spi通信。因此,掌握RS232通信协议、SPI通信协议以及esp8266的配置就可以基本搞定WiFi模块的使用。


参考文章:
[1] ESP8266WiFi模块AT指令入门指南
[2] ESP8266 WIFI串口通信模块使用详解(实例:附STM32详细代码)
[3] STM32串口接收不定长数据
[4] STM32 USART 接收任意长度字符
[5] stm软件模拟SPI通信
[6] va_list 、va_start、 va_arg、 va_end 使用说明


所用到的工具:(建议全部使用以下推荐的)
PC端:
[1] 网络调试助手(提取码:h9d8)
[2] 串口调试助手(提取码:yac2)
手机端:
[3] TCP连接APP:应用商店搜索直接下载安装


1、ESP8266设置步骤

1.1 简介

ESP8266是一款超低功耗UART-WiFi 透传模块,拥有业内极富竞争力的封装尺寸和超低能耗技术,专为移动设备和物联网应用设计,可将用户的物理设备连接到Wi-Fi 无线网络上,进行互联网或局域网通信,实现联网功能。
ESP8266封装方式多样,天线可支持板载PCB天线,IPEX接口和邮票孔接口三种形式。ESP8266可广泛应用于智能电网、智能交通、智能家具、手持设备、工业控制等领域。

  1. 支持STA/AP/STA+AP 三种工作模式
  2. 内置TCP/IP协议栈,支持多路TCP Client连接
  3. 支持UART/GPIO数据通信接口
  4. 支持Smart Link 智能联网功能
  5. 内置32位MCU,可兼作应用处理器
  6. 3.3V 单电源供电
  7. 支持丰富的Socket AT指令WIFI模块与串口连接示意图
    其中,VCC两条线必须都连接。
    在这里插入图片描述
    引脚定义
    功耗:
    功耗
1.2 工作模式

ESP8266模块支持STAAPSTA+AP 三种工作模式。

1.2.1 工作模式一:STA 模式

STA 模式: ESP8266模块通过路由器连接互联网,手机或电脑通过互联网实现对设备的远程控制。

配置步骤:

 1. AT+CWMODE=1                    设置模组为STA模式。(串口助手)
 2. AT+CWLAP                 	   查询附近 WIFI(串口助手)
 3. AT+CWJAP="123123","12345678"   连接 WIFI(串口助手)
 4. AT+CIFSR                       查看路由器分配给模组的IP地址,例如 192.168.43.104(串口助手)
 5. AT+CIPMUX=1                    打开多连接(串口助手)
 6. AT+CIPSERVER=1,8899            设置模块服务器端口(串口助手).
 7. 打开网络调试助手进行设置:请打开电脑去连接路由器的WIFI热点。并且打开网络调试助手,在网络调试助手上输入连接模块的 IP和设置的端口。
 8. AT+CIPSEND=0,11                进入数据发送模式为11个字节
1.2.2 工作模式二:AP 模式

AP 模式: ESP8266模块作为热点,实现手机或电脑直接与模块通信,实现局域网无线控制。

配置步骤:

 1.  AT+CWMODE=2                              开启 AP 模式(串口助手)
 2.  AT+CWSAP="ESP8266","0123456789",11,0     设置模块的 wifi 和密码(串口助手)
 3.  AT+CIPSERVER=1,8800                      设置模块服务器端口(串口助手),
 4.  打开电脑去连接模块建立的AP热点
 5.  打开网络调试助手,输入连接模块的 ip 和设置的端口。
 6.  AT+CIPSEND=0,11                          进入数据发送模式为11个字节(串口助手)
1.2.2 工作模式三:STA+AP 模式

STA+AP 模式: 两种模式的共存模式,即可以通过互联网控制可实现无缝切换,方便操作。
/没用到,待补充
/
/
/

Q: 什么是透传模式?

A: 透传模式影响发送数据的方式。

如果不开启透传模式,发送数据前都必须先发送指令AT+CIPSEND=,例如:

AT+CIPSEND=4     
OK
>                //在 > 后面输入要上传的数据

开启了透传模式:

  1. AT+CIPMODE=<1> :进入透传模式
  2. AT+CIPSEND :之后发送的所有内容将全部当成数据

退出透传模式: 发送数据"+++"就可以了。注意:此时“+++”后面,不接“发送新行”!

注意:透传只能在单连接模式下进行,所以在建立连接之前一定要用(AT+CIPMUX=0 设置单连接)

>  AT+CIPMODE=1
>  CIPMUX and CIPSERVER must be 0

2、STM32设置

最终实现目标: 实现MCU和电脑的无线通信
通信框架

2.1 串口接收不定长数据

此处参考文献[3]、[4]

2.2 串口发送函数printf的实现

此处参考文献[2]

 #include <stdarg.h>
 /* 串口3,printf 函数
  * 确保一次发送数据不超过USART3_MAX_SEND_LEN字节
  * */
  void u3_printf(char* fmt,...)  
  {  
 	u16 i,j; 
  	va_list ap; 
  	va_start(ap,fmt);
  	vsprintf((char*)USART3_TX_BUF,fmt,ap);
  	va_end(ap);
  	i=strlen((const char*)USART3_TX_BUF);		//此次发送数据的长度
  	for(j=0;j<i;j++)							//循环发送数据
  	{
   	  while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART3,USART_FLAG_TC)==RESET); //循环发送,直到发送完毕   
      USART_SendData(USART3,USART3_TX_BUF[j]); 
    } 
  1. va_start获取可变参数列表的第一个参数的地址
  2. int vsprintf(char *str, const char *format, va_list arg)
    str – 这是指向一个字符数组的指针,该数组存储了 C 字符串。
    format – 这是字符串,包含了要被写入到字符串 str 的文本。它可以包含嵌入的 format 标签,format 标签可被随后的附加参数中指定的值替换,并按需求进行格式化。format 标签属性是 %[flags][width][.precision][length]specifier,具体讲解如下:

解析:

   #include <stdarg.h>
   va_list p;
   va_start(p,format);
   va_arg(p,int);
   va_end( p);
   vc6.0中:
   typedef char* va_list;
   //当sizeof(n)=1/2/4时,_INTSIZEOF(n)都等于4
   #define _INTSIZEOF(n)  ((sizeof(n)+sizeof(int) - 1) & ~(sizeof(int) - 1))
   /*
   * va_start(p,format)  (p = (char*)&format + _INTSIZEOF(format))
            			 (p = (char*)&format + _INTSIZEOF(char*))
    					 (p = (char*)&format + 4)
   */
   #define va_start(ap,v) (ap = (va_list)&v + _INTSIZEOF(v))
   /*
    * #define va_arg(ap,t)   (ap = ap + _INTSIZEOF(t),*(t*)(ap - _INTSIZEOF(t)))
    * #define va_arg(ap,t)   (*(t*))(ap = ap + _INTSIZEOF(t),ap - _INTSIZEOF(t)))
    * ap是移动指针,t是返回值
    */
   #define va_arg(ap,t)   (#*(t*)((ap += _INTSIZEOF(t)) - _INTSIZEOF(t)))                                          
   #define va_end(ap) 	   (ap = (va_list)0)
2.3 ESP8266的配置

配置为工作方式1:STA模式

void esp8266_Config(void){
 /*
	* 1.AT+CWMODE=1 :设置模组为STA模式。(串口助手)
	* 2.AT+CWLAP :查询附近WIFI(串口助手)
	* 3.AT+CWJAP="123123","12345678" :连接?WIFI(串口助手)
	* 4.AT+CIFSR :查看路由器分配给模组的IP地址,例如192.168.43.104(串口助手)
	* 5.AT+CIPMUX=1 :打开多连接(串口助手)
	* 6.AT+CIPSERVER=1,8800 :设置模块服务器端口(串口助手)
	*/
	delay_s(2);
	u2_printf("AT+RST\r\n");
	delay_s(10);
	u2_printf("AT+CWMODE=1\r\n");
	delay_s(5);
	u2_printf("AT+CWJAP=\"123123\",\"12345678\"\r\n");
	delay_s(15);
	u2_printf("AT+CIPMUX=0\r\n");
	delay_s(5);
	u2_printf("AT+CIPMODE=1\r\n");
	delay_s(5);
	u2_printf("AT+CIPSERVER=1,8800\r\n");
	delay_s(5);
	u2_printf("AT+CIPSEND\r\n");
	delay_s(5);

}

关于esp8266接收数据处理代码待补充:

main.c:

float j = 3.1;
int main()
{
	u8 i;
	SysTick_Init();
	NVIC_Config();
	USART1_Config();
	USART3_Config();
	USART2_Config();
	esp8266_Config();
	
	
	while(1){
		u2_printf("AT+CIPSEND=0,4\r\n");
		delay_s(2);
		u2_printf("%f\r\n",j);
		delay_s(3);
	}
}

在这里插入图片描述

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