java后台实现验证码

    //调取获得验证码   
    //请求的时候添加一个时间戳
   //http://localhost:8080/captcha?date=1121212
    @GetMapping(value = "/captcha")
    public BaseResult imagecode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,@RequestParam(required = false) String username) throws Exception {
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate");
        response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "post-check=0, pre-check=0");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");

        OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
        //返回验证码和图片的map
        Map<String, Object> map = Captcha.getImageCode(86, 37, os);
        String simpleCaptcha = "simpleCaptcha";
        request.getSession().setAttribute(simpleCaptcha, map.get("strEnsure").toString().toLowerCase());
        request.getSession().setAttribute("codeTime", System.currentTimeMillis());

        try {
            ImageIO.write((BufferedImage) map.get("image"), "jpg", os);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return BaseResult.error();
        } finally {
            if (os != null) {
                os.flush();
                os.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param checkCode 前端用户输入返回的验证码
     *                  参数若需要，自行添加
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/verify")
    public BaseResult checkcode(HttpServletRequest request,
                                HttpSession session,
                                @RequestParam String checkCode) throws Exception {

        // 获得验证码对象
        Object cko = session.getAttribute("simpleCaptcha");
        if (cko == null) {
            request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "请输入验证码！");
            return  "请输入验证码！";
        }
        String captcha = cko.toString();
        // 判断验证码输入是否正确
        //验证码创建时间
        String codeTime1 = session.getAttribute("codeTime") + "";
        System.out.println("时间戳："+codeTime1);
        Long aLong = Long.valueOf(codeTime1);
        //当前时间
        long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("当前时间戳："+l);
        long l1 = l - aLong;
        // 验证码有效时长为1分钟
        if (l1 / 1000 / 60 > 1) {

            request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "验证码已失效，请重新输入！");
            return "验证码已失效，请重新输入！";
        }


        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(checkCode) || captcha == null || !(checkCode.equalsIgnoreCase(captcha))) {
            request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "验证码错误！");
            return  "验证码错误，请重新输入！";

            // 验证码有效时长为1分钟
//            long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
//            String codeTime1 = session.getAttribute("codeTime") + "";
//            Long aLong = Long.valueOf(codeTime1);

//            if((time- aLong) / 1000 / 60 > 1){
//                request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "验证码已失效，请重新输入！");
//                return "验证码已失效，请重新输入！";
//            }

        } else {

            // 在这里可以处理自己需要的事务，比如验证登陆等

             return "验证通过！";
        }
    }

工具类

/**
 *
 * Description: 验证码生成器
 *
 * Date: 2012/4/12
 */
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import java.util.Random;

public class Captcha {
    private static char mapTable[] = {
            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5',
            '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '1',
            '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
            '8', '9'};
    public static Map<String, Object> getImageCode(int width, int height, OutputStream os) {
        Map<String,Object> returnMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        if (width <= 0) width = 60;
        if (height <= 0) height = 20;
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        // 获取图形上下文
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        //生成随机类
        Random random = new Random();
        // 设定背景色
        g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        //设定字体
        g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 18));
        // 随机产生168条干扰线，使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
        g.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        for (int i = 0; i < 168; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            int xl = random.nextInt(12);
            int yl = random.nextInt(12);
            g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
        }
        //取随机产生的码
        String strEnsure = "";
        //4代表4位验证码,如果要生成更多位的认证码,则加大数值
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            strEnsure += mapTable[(int) (mapTable.length * Math.random())];
            // 将认证码显示到图象中
            g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
            // 直接生成
            String str = strEnsure.substring(i, i + 1);
            // 设置随便码在背景图图片上的位置
            g.drawString(str, 13 * i + 20, 25);
        }
        // 释放图形上下文
        g.dispose();
        returnMap.put("image",image);
        returnMap.put("strEnsure",strEnsure);
        return returnMap;
    }
    //给定范围获得随机颜色
    static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        Random random = new Random();
        if (fc > 255) fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255) bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }
}

参考地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/009914797af2