matlab fspecial()的使用方法（OK）

直接在matlab  中输入： help fspecial

>> help fspecial
 fspecial - 创建预定义的二维滤波器
    此 MATLAB 函数 创建具有指定 type 的二维滤波器 h。一些滤波器类型具有可选的附加参
    数，如以下语法所示。fspecial 以相关性核形式返回 h，该形式适用于 imfilter。

    h = fspecial(type)
    h = fspecial('average',hsize)
    h = fspecial('disk',radius)
    h = fspecial('gaussian',hsize,sigma)
    h = fspecial('laplacian',alpha)
    h = fspecial('log',hsize,sigma)
    h = fspecial('motion',len,theta)
    h = fspecial('prewitt')
    h = fspecial('sobel')

    输入参数
        type - 滤波器的类型
            'average' | 'disk' | 'gaussian' | 'laplacian' | 'log' |
            'motion' | 'prewitt' | 'sobel'
        hsize - 滤波器的大小
            正整数 | 由正整数组成的二元素向量
        radius - 圆形滤波器的半径
            5 (默认值) | 正数
        sigma - 标准差
            0.5 (默认值) | 正数
        alpha - 拉普拉斯算子的形状
            0.2 (默认值) | [0, 1] 范围内的数值
        len - 相机的线性移动
            9 (默认值) | 数值标量
        theta - 相机移动的角度
            0 (默认值) | 数值标量

    输出参数
        h - 相关性核
            矩阵

    打开示例
        创建各种滤波器并对图像进行滤波

    See also conv2, del2, edge, imsharpen, imfilter, filter2, fspecial3

    在 R2006a 之前引入
    fspecial 的文档

>> 

fspecial函数
用于建立预定义的滤波算子，其语法格式为： h = fspecial(type) h = fspecial(type，para) 其中type指定算子的类型，para指定相应的参数；

2type的类型有
'average'
averaging filter 为均值滤波，参数为hsize代表模板尺寸，默认值为[3，3]。 H = FSPECIAL('average',HSIZE) returns an averaging filter H of size HSIZE. HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix. The default HSIZE is [3 3].

'disk'
circular averaging filter 为圆形区域均值滤波，参数为radius代表区域半径，默认值为5. H = FSPECIAL('disk',RADIUS) returns a circular averaging filter (pillbox) within the square matrix of side 2*RADIUS+1. The default RADIUS is 5.

'gaussian'
Gaussian lowpass filter 为高斯低通滤波，有两个参数，hsize表示模板尺寸，默认值为[3 3]，sigma为滤波器的标准值，单位为像素，默认值为0.5. H = FSPECIAL('gaussian',HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationally symmetric Gaussian lowpass filter of size HSIZE with standard deviation SIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix. The default HSIZE is [3 3], the default SIGMA is 0.5.

'laplacian'
filter approximating the 2-D Laplacian operator 为拉普拉斯算子，参数alpha用于控制算子形状，取值范围为[0，1]，默认值为0.2. H = FSPECIAL('laplacian',ALPHA) returns a 3-by-3 filter approximating the shape of the two-dimensional Laplacian operator. The parameter ALPHA controls the shape of the Laplacian and must be in the range 0.0 to 1.0. The default ALPHA is 0.2.

'log'
Laplacian of Gaussian filter 为拉普拉斯高斯算子，有两个参数，hsize表示模板尺寸，默认值为[3 3]，sigma为滤波器的标准差，单位为像素，默认值为0.5. H = FSPECIAL('log',HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationally symmetric Laplacian of Gaussian filter of size HSIZE with standard deviation SIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix. The default HSIZE is [5 5], the default SIGMA is 0.5.

'motion'
motion filter 为运动模糊算子，有两个参数，表示摄像物体逆时针方向以theta角度运动了len个像素，len的默认值为9，theta的默认值为0； H = FSPECIAL('motion',LEN,THETA) returns a filter to approximate, once convolved with an image, the linear motion of a camera by LEN pixels, with an angle of THETA degrees in a counter-clockwise direction. The filter becomes a vector for horizontal and vertical motions. The default LEN is 9, the default THETA is 0, which corresponds to a horizontal motion of 9 pixels.

'prewitt'
Prewitt horizontal edge-emphasizing filter 用于边缘增强，大小为[3 3]，无参数 H = FSPECIAL('prewitt') returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizes horizontal edges by approximating a vertical gradient. If you need to emphasize vertical edges, transpose the filter H: H'. [1 1 1;0 0 0;-1 -1 -1].

'sobel'
Sobel horizontal edge-emphasizing filter 用于边缘提取，无参数 H = FSPECIAL('sobel') returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizes horizontal edges utilizing the smoothing effect by approximating a vertical gradient. If you need to emphasize vertical edges, transpose the filter H: H'. [1 2 1;0 0 0;-1 -2 -1].

'unsharp'
unsharp contrast enhancement filter 为对比度增强滤波器。参数alpha用于控制滤波器的形状，范围为[0，1]，默认值为0.2