python深浅拷贝

1. 赋值引用

a和b指向同一个对象

a = {1: [1, 2, 3]}
b = a
print(a, b)
a[1].append(4)
print(a, b)

{1: [1, 2, 3]} {1: [1, 2, 3]}
{1: [1, 2, 3, 4]} {1: [1, 2, 3, 4]}

2. 浅拷贝

a和b是一个独立的对象，但他们子对象还是指向同一对象（引用）

import copy
a = {1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]}
b = a.copy()
print(a, b)
a[1].append(4)
print(a, b)
a[3] = [1, 1, 1]
print(a, b)

{1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]} {1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]}
{1: [1, 2, 3, 4], 2: [3, 4, 5]} {1: [1, 2, 3, 4], 2: [3, 4, 5]}
{1: [1, 2, 3, 4], 2: [3, 4, 5], 3: [1, 1, 1]} {1: [1, 2, 3, 4], 2: [3, 4, 5]}

3. 深拷贝

a和b完全拷贝了父对象及其子对象，两者完全独立

import copy
a = {1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]}
c = copy.deepcopy(a)
print(a, c)
a[1].append(6)
print(a, c)

{1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]} {1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]}
{1: [1, 2, 3, 6], 2: [3, 4, 5]} {1: [1, 2, 3], 2: [3, 4, 5]}