#Java# Functional Interface

functional interface是Java 8里面引入的一个概念。

定义

如果一个interface只含有一个抽象函数，那么这个interface就是functional interface。注解@FuntionalInterface可以写，也可以不写。比如：

@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFunctional<T> {
    public T func(T t);
}

用法

functional interface最重要的用法是配合lambda表达式使用。lambda的概念其他很多编程语言已经广泛使用了，它的使用能很大程度上简化函数的定义，尤其是当这个函数功能简单而且与程序整体结构无关时。

Java 8 中的lambda有两种使用方法：

• （parameters）->expression
• （parameters）->{statements;}

parameters表示参数列表，expression是表达式，statements是代码执行块。

这个语句的含义是：定义一个函数，这个函数传入parameters作为参数，然后执行后面的expression或者statements，如果是expression的话会直接将表达式的值返回，而{statements}里面则需要显式调用return（当需要返回值时）。这两种表达式都返回一个functional interface对象，因此一般的使用情况是：

MyFunctional<String> mf = (String str） -> str+"Hello everyone!"
//等同于
MyFunctional<String> mf = (String str) -> {return str+"Hello everyone!";};

这个函数定义好了以后，调用方式则是使用functional interface里面的那个抽象函数，因此需要确保那个抽象函数的参数和调用时传入的参数（数量、类型）相符合，返回值也是。调用时的例子为：

system.out.println(mf.func("Hello world"));

执行结果为：

Hello world!Hello everyone!

实际上就是简化了代码。如果不使用lambda的话，上面的代码相当于：

MyFunctional<String> mfImpl = new MyFunctional<String>() {

    @Override
    public String func(String t) {
        return t + "Hello everyone!";

    }
};
system.out.println(mfImpl.func("Hello world!"));

Java 8提供的functional interfaces

Package java.util.function

Java和其他一些面向对象（比如python）的区别之一是，定义函数时需要定义参数类型、返回值类型等，所以使用接口这种方式来定义lambda函数时就不得不根据需要来调用不同的接口（不同参数类型、数量以及返回值等）。为了达到这样的效果，Java 8内置了一些这样的接口并放在function包里，避免开发者需要使用时自己再写一遍。记这么多还不如自己写一遍。

consumer

接口名称中含consumer的都表示不返回任何值的。

interface	description
Consumer	accepts a single input argument and returns no result
BiConsumer	accepts two input arguments and returns no result
DoubleConsumer	accepts a single double-valued argument and returns no result
IntConsumer	accepts a single int-valued argument and returns no result
LongConsumer	accepts a single long-valued argument and returns no result
ObjDoubleConsumer	accepts an object-valued and a double-valued argument, and returns no result
ObjIntConsumer	accepts an object-valued and a int-valued argument, and returns no result
ObjLongConsumer	accepts an object-valued and a long-valued argument, and returns no result

function

接口名称中包含function的都表示有一个返回值的。

interface	description
Function	accepts one argument and produces a result
BiFunction	accepts two arguments and produces a result
DoubleFunction	accepts a double-valued argument and produces a result
IntFunction	accepts an int-valued argument and produces a result
LongFunction	accepts a long-valued argument and produces a result
DoubleToIntFunction	accepts a double-valued argument and produces an int-valued result
DoubleToLongFunction	accepts a double-valued argument and produces a long-valued result
IntToDoubleFunction	accepts an int-valued argument and produces a double-valued result
IntToLongFunction	accepts an int-valued argument and produces a long-valued result
LongToDoubleFunction	accepts an long-valued argument and produces a double-valued result
LongToIntFunction	accepts an long-valued argument and produces a int-valued result
ToDoubleBiFunction	accepts two arguments and produces a double-valued result
ToIntBiFunction	accepts two arguments and produces a int-valued result
ToLongBiFunction	accepts two arguments and produces a long-valued result
ToDoubleFunction	produces a double-valued result
ToIntFunction	produces an int-valued result
ToLongFunction	produces a long-valued result

predicate

接口名称中包含predicate的都表示返回值为boolean类型的。

interface	description
Predicate	a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument
BiPredicate	a predicate (boolean-valued function) of two arguments
DoublePredicate	a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one double-valued argument
IntPredicate	a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one int-valued argument
LongPredicate	a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one long-valued argument

operator

接口名称中包含operator的都表示一个返回值，且返回值类型和参数类型相同的的。

interface	description
BinaryOperator	an operation upon two operands of the same type, producing a result of the same type as the operands
UnaryOperator	an operation on a single operand that produces a result of the same type as its operand
DoubleBinaryOperator	an operation upon two double-valued operands and producing a double-valued result
IntBinaryOperator	an operation upon two int-valued operands and producing a int-valued result
LongBinaryOperator	an operation upon two long-valued operands and producing a long-valued result
DoubleUnaryOperator	an operation on a single double-valued operand that produces a double-valued result
IntUnaryOperator	an operation on a single int-valued operand that produces a int-valued result
LongUnaryOperator	an operation on a single long-valued operand that produces a long-valued result

supplier

接口名称中包含supplier的都表示有不接受参数，只返回一个值的。

interface	description
Supplier	Represents a supplier of results.
IntSupplier	Represents a supplier of int-valued results.
LongSupplier	Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one long-valued argument.
DoubleSupplier	Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one double-valued argument.
BooleanSupplier	Represents a supplier of boolean-valued results.