NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@protocol UIPickerViewDataSource, UIPickerViewDelegate;
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIPickerView : UIView <NSCoding, UITableViewDataSource>
@property(nullable,nonatomic,weak) id<UIPickerViewDataSource> dataSource; // default is nil. weak reference
@property(nullable,nonatomic,weak) id<UIPickerViewDelegate> delegate; // default is nil. weak reference
@property(nonatomic) BOOL showsSelectionIndicator; // default is NO
// info that was fetched and cached from the data source and delegate
@property(nonatomic,readonly) NSInteger numberOfComponents;
- (NSInteger)numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component;
- (CGSize)rowSizeForComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// returns the view provided by the delegate via pickerView:viewForRow:forComponent:reusingView:
// or nil if the row/component is not visible or the delegate does not implement
// pickerView:viewForRow:forComponent:reusingView:
- (nullable UIView *)viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// Reloading whole view or single component
- (void)reloadAllComponents;
- (void)reloadComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// selection. in this case, it means showing the appropriate row in the middle
- (void)selectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component animated:(BOOL)animated; // scrolls the specified row to center.
- (NSInteger)selectedRowInComponent:(NSInteger)component; // returns selected row. -1 if nothing selected
@end
@protocol UIPickerViewDataSource<NSObject>
@required
// returns the number of 'columns' to display.
- (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView;
// returns the # of rows in each component..
- (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component;
@end
@protocol UIPickerViewDelegate<NSObject>
@optional
// returns width of column and height of row for each component.
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView widthForComponent:(NSInteger)component;
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView rowHeightForComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// these methods return either a plain NSString, a NSAttributedString, or a view (e.g UILabel) to display the row for the component.
// for the view versions, we cache any hidden and thus unused views and pass them back for reuse.
// If you return back a different object, the old one will be released. the view will be centered in the row rect
- (nullable NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component;
- (nullable NSAttributedString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView attributedTitleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // attributed title is favored if both methods are implemented
- (UIView *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component reusingView:(nullable UIView *)view;
- (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
选取器被用来取代PC上面的下拉菜单,它是一个大大的滚轮,它占用固定的大小 320×216.
一、创建
大小虽然固定,但是位置可以任意(不过横向被充满,咱也只能改变纵向位置)。与UItableView 类似,UIpickerView 类也需要一个数据源。与表格视图不同的是,选取器不使用索引路径,而是用一个NSinteger 值来标识每一行。选取器可以有多个表盘,每个都可以,作为一个组件引用。
选取器视图使用代理作为数据源,因此数据源可以存在于另一个类或者视图控制器中。
- UIPickerView* pickerView = [ [ UIpickerView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectmake(0.0,100.0,0.0,0.0)];
- pickerView.delegate = self;
- pickerView.dataSource = self;
二、属性
恶心的苹果把许多属性保留为私有的,开放给开发者的少的可怜,可怜到唯一可用的外观选项就是选择窗口。
将选取器的 showsSelectionIndicator 属性设置为YES,可以在当前选择上显示一个透明窗口:
- pickerView.showsSelectionIndicator = YES;
三、数据源
创建好界面就要考虑数据源了。比必须实现下列数据源委托方法,这些方法是 UIPickerViewDataSource 协议的必要方法。
numberOfComponentsInPickerView
滚轮数量
numberOfRowsInComponent
为选取器中每个滚轮设置不同数目的行。这个方法返回指定滚轮的行数。
除此之外,UIPickerViewDelegate 协议还实现了下列方法,来获取选取器组件特定的信息。
titleForRow
返回对应滚轮(组件)的给定行的实际表盘取值。会以 NSString 对象返回这些值。
viewForRow
这个方法可以重写选取器显示组件表盘默认行为,令任何 UIView 类都可以在其中显示。
widthForComponet
返回给定组件(滚轮)的宽度。如果这方法未实现,选取器会自动调整到合适的宽度。
rowHeightComponent
返回给定组件(滚轮)的高度。如果这个方法未实现,选取器会自动调整到合适的高度。
四、显示
- [self.view addSubview:pickerView ];
五、读取选取器
使用视图的selectedRowInComponent 方法,是获得选取器视图被选中列的索引的最直接的方法:
- int selectedRow = [ pickerView selectedRowInComponent:0 ];
也有一个委托方法,当用户选择了选取器中一行时,会收到通知。用这个方法可以向对象发出警报,这样它就可以对新行做出反应:
- - (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView*)pickerView didSelectedRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component{
- /*添加代码,根据选中行尽享相应操作*/
- }
先说一下当个组件选取器,我们创建一个数组NSAray来保存选取器中的内容;选取器本身不会储存任何数据,,它通过调用数据源和委托方法来显示数据;但是对于大量数据的数据源,数组并不合适,我们可以做一个静态列表如plist文件或者URL载入,和后面将讲在文件中获取数据,还以多个选取器的之间的关联如何实现;先说下简单的单个选取器:
先把效果图贴出来
1.新建工程名为PickerViewDemo , File->New->Project ->single View Application -> next
2.在视图上添加选取器
- pickerView = [[UIPickerView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 216)];
- // 指定Delegate
- pickerView.delegate=self;
- // 显示选中框
- pickerView.showsSelectionIndicator=YES;
- [self.view addSubview:pickerView];
选取器上显示数据,必须依赖两个协议,UIPickerViewDelegate和UIPickerViewDataSource,把他们添加到ViewController.h文件中
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIPickerViewDelegate,UIPickerViewDataSource>
- {
- UIPickerView *pickerView;
- NSArray *pickerData;
- }
- @end
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- pickerView = [[UIPickerView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 216)];
- // 指定Delegate
- pickerView.delegate=self;
- // 显示选中框
- pickerView.showsSelectionIndicator=YES;
- [self.view addSubview:pickerView];
- NSArray *dataArray = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"许嵩",@"周杰伦",@"梁静茹",@"许飞",@"凤凰传奇",@"阿杜",@"方大同",@"林俊杰",@"胡夏",@"邱永传", nil];
- pickerData=dataArray;
- // 添加按钮
- CGRect frame = CGRectMake(120, 250, 80, 40);
- UIButton *selectButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
- selectButton.frame=frame;
- [selectButton setTitle:@"SELECT" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
- [selectButton addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonPressed:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
- [self.view addSubview:selectButton];
- }
4.实现UIPickerView的代理方法,将数据显示在选取器上所需要几个方法
- #pragma mark -
- #pragma mark Picker Date Source Methods
- //返回显示的列数
- -(NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView
- {
- return 1;
- }
- //返回当前列显示的行数
- -(NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component
- {
- return [pickerData count];
- }
- #pragma mark Picker Delegate Methods
- //返回当前行的内容,此处是将数组中数值添加到滚动的那个显示栏上
- -(NSString*)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component
- {
- return [pickerData objectAtIndex:row];
- }
说一下两个协议实例方法,参考http://www.cnblogs.com/edsioon/
-(void) pickerView: (UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow: (NSInteger)row inComponent: (NSInteger)component
作用: 当用户选择某个row时,picker view调用此函数
参数: pickerView representing the picker view request the data
-(CGFloat) pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView rowHeightForComponent: (NSInteger) component
作用:由picker view调用,当其在绘制row内容,需要row的高度时
-(NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger) component
作用: 当picker view需要给指定的component.row指定title时,调用此函数
-(UIView *)pickerView: (UIPickerView *)pickerView view ForRow:(NSInteger) row forComponent:(NSInteger) component reusingView:(UIView *) view
作用: 当picker view需要给指定的component.row指定view时,调用此函数.返回值为用作row内容的view
参数: view参数, a view object that was previously used for this rows, but is now hidden and cached by the picker view
- (CGFloat)pickerView: (UIPickerView *)pickerView widthForComponent:(NSInteger) component
作用:当picker view 需要row的宽度时,调用此函数
按照官方文档的说法,UIPickerViewDataSource这个协议仅有的功能就是提供picker view中component的个数和各个component中的row的个数,虽然名为datasource,但是它工作于MVC的C中
本协议仅有两个实例方法,均需要实现
-(NSInteger) numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView
作用:返回pickerView应该有几个component
-(NSInteger) pickerView:(UIPickerView *) pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger) component
作用:返回指定component应该有几个row
5.关于按钮响应事件,关于按钮的形成和添加响应事件不再提,前面都有,
- -(void) buttonPressed:(id)sender
- {
- NSInteger row =[pickerView selectedRowInComponent:0];
- NSString *selected = [pickerData objectAtIndex:row];
- NSString *message = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"你选择的是:%@",selected];
- UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示"
- message:message
- delegate:self
- cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"
- otherButtonTitles: nil];
- [alert show];
- }
[pickerViewselectedRowInComponent:0];方法返回当前被选中的索引序号,这是UIPickerView的实例方法,在官方文档中
UIPickerView还有其他实例方法
- (NSInteger) numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component
参数为component的序号(从左到右,以0起始),返回指定的component中row的个数
-(void) reloadAllComponents
调用此方法使得PickerView向delegate: Query for new data for all components
-(void) reloadComponent: (NSInteger) component
参数为需更新的component的序号,调用此方法使得PickerView向其delegate: Query for new data
-(CGSize) rowSizeForComponent: (NSInteger) component
参数为component的序号,返回值为the size of rows in the given components, picker view 通过调用委托方法中的pickerView:widthForComponent:和pickerView:rowHeightForComponent:获得返回值
-(NSInteger) selectedRowInComponent: (NSInteger) component
参数为component的序号,返回被选中row的序号,若无row被选中,则返回-1
-(void) selectRow: (NSInteger)row inComponent: (NSInteger)component animated: (BOOL)animated
作用:在代码指定要选择的某component的某row
参数:row序号,component序号,BOOL值(若为YES,转动spin到你选择的新值,若为NO,直接显示你选择的值)
-(UIView *) viewForRow: (NSInteger)row forComponent: (NSInteger)component
参数:row序号,component序号,返回由委托方法pickerView:viewForRow:forComponentreusingView:指定的view.如果委托对象并没有实现这个方法,或者说这个view并不是可见的,则返回nil
先介绍一下我们要实现什么功能。有1个选择器,有左右两个轮子,做轮子选择省份,右轮子选择城市,其中选择省份时,右边的城市会自动更新。
1、首先,对UIPickerView绑定Delegate和DataSource到相应的ViewController。此处不再赘述。可以用代码或者Interface界面设置。
2、首先实现数据的初始化。
(1)在.h文件中定义如下变量。其中provinces_cities.plist请见附件。
- @interface IkrboyViewController : UIViewController{
- NSDictionary *dict;//用于存储省份-城市的数据
- NSArray *provinceArray;//省份的数组
- NSArray *cityArray;//城市的数组,在接下来的代码中会有根据省份的选择进行数据更新的操作
- }
(2)在.m的viewDidLoad方法中加上初始化数据的处理。具体处理在initPicker方法
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- [self initPicker];
- }
- //初始化PickerView使用的数据源
- -(void)initPicker{
- NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
- NSString *plistPath = [bundle pathForResource:@"provinces_cities" ofType:@"plist"];
- dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:plistPath];
- provinceArray = [dict allKeys];
- NSInteger selectedProvinceIndex = [self.pickerView selectedRowInComponent:0];
- NSString *seletedProvince = [provinceArray objectAtIndex:selectedProvinceIndex];
- cityArray = [dict objectForKey:seletedProvince];
- NSLog(@"%d",[provinceArray count]);
- }
3、将数据绑定到UIPickerView
- //以下3个方法实现PickerView的数据初始化
- //确定picker的轮子个数
- - (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView {
- return 2;
- }
- //确定picker的每个轮子的item数
- - (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView
- numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component {
- if (component == 0) {//省份个数
- return [provinceArray count];
- } else {//市的个数
- return [cityArray count];
- }
- }
- //确定每个轮子的每一项显示什么内容
- #pragma mark 实现协议UIPickerViewDelegate方法
- -(NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView
- titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component {
- if (component == 0) {//选择省份名
- return [provinceArray objectAtIndex:row];
- } else {//选择市名
- return [cityArray objectAtIndex:row];
- }
- }
4.随时监听UIPickerView的滚动。
- //监听轮子的移动
- - (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView
- didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component {
- if (component == 0) {
- NSString *seletedProvince = [provinceArray objectAtIndex:row];
- cityArray = [dict objectForKey:seletedProvince];
- //重点!更新第二个轮子的数据
- [self.pickerView reloadComponent:1];
- NSInteger selectedCityIndex = [self.pickerView selectedRowInComponent:1];
- NSString *seletedCity = [cityArray objectAtIndex:selectedCityIndex];
- NSString *msg = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"province=%@,city=%@", seletedProvince,seletedCity];
- NSLog(@"%@",msg);
- }
- else {
- NSInteger selectedProvinceIndex = [self.pickerView selectedRowInComponent:0];
- NSString *seletedProvince = [provinceArray objectAtIndex:selectedProvinceIndex];
- NSString *seletedCity = [cityArray objectAtIndex:row];
- NSString *msg = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"province=%@,city=%@", seletedProvince,seletedCity];
- NSLog(@"%@",msg);
- }
- }
附加说明:利用下面的代码,获得UIPickerView的不同Component(滚轮)的选中的index。
- NSInteger selectedProvinceIndex = [self.pickerView selectedRowInComponent:0];
- NSInteger selectedCityIndex = [self.pickerView selectedRowInComponent:1];