mariadb-10.1.19在Ubuntu14.04下安装与配置

网上有很多文章介绍mariadb安装，本文介绍的是二进制包文件安装。

数据库软件：mariadb-galera-10.0.16-linux-x86_64.tar.gz，将下载后的文件解压，放在目录/opt下。

１、配置数据库：

cd /opt/mariadb-10.1.19/
cp support-files/my-large.cnf my.cnf
vi my.cnf

（注意：同时复制my.cnf到/etc目录下，可以看mysqld 执行文件脚本，首先从/etc/my.cnf执行，如果不存在，再执行/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/my.cnf）

然后配置：

# Example MariaDB config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MariaDB.
#
# MariaDB programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, do:
# 'my_print_defaults --help' and see what is printed under
# Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
# More information at: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MariaDB clients
[client]
#password	= your_password
port		= 3306
socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MariaDB server
[mysqld]
user=drjr
basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19
pid-file=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/logs/mysqld.pid
datadir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/data
#skip-grant-tables
#language = /opt/mariadb-10.1.19/share/english
log-error=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/logs/error.log
port		= 3306
socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir		= /tmp/

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id	= 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

user=drjr　#数据库运行用户，在运行前添加（ubuntu下的用户）
basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19
pid-file=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/logs/mysqld.pid　＃pid文件
datadir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/data　#MariaDB数据库存放目录

log-error=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/logs/error.log　＃日志文件

２、把MariaDB加入系统启动

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld

3、配置服务

在vi /etc/init.d/mysqld 增加如下配置：

basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19
datadir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/data　
mysqld_pid_file_path=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19/logs/mysqld.pid

如果不能执行，可以通过chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限

但是chkonfig在我系统下不起作用（目的是加入开机启动项）这时请参考这个

https://askubuntu.com/questions/2263/chkconfig-alternative-for-ubuntu-server

update-rc.d mysqld defaults

４、初始化数据库

./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.19 --defaults-file=/opt/maraidb-10.1.19/my.cnf

5、启动数据库

service mysqld start 

mysql启动可能错误: [ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/usr/share/errmsg.sys'

进入目录：cd /etc/    删除my.cnf，就不会报错了（估计是重复启动了，删掉我们之前加的这个文件）

如果还是报错，那么就删除/etc/mysql/my.cnf文件就可以了。（系统自带的）

也有可能报这个错：libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file

通过命令安装：

sudo apt-get install libaio1 libaio-dev

６、进入mariadb的bin目录，执行./mysql -uroot



这时候是没有设置密码的，我们可以给root设置密码

 update user set password=PASSWORD('123456') where user='root'; ＃设置root用户密码为123456

７、登录

./mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456

记录几个问题，因为之前我删了localhost，这个主机用户，后来自己再插入这个用户之后，

delete from user where host='localhost' and user="root'';

 insert into user(Host,User,Password) values("localhost","root",password("123456"));

再退出（exit）之后再进来，出现只能看到（说明没有权限查看其他表，只能登录）

但是通过127.0.0.1是可以的。

use mysql;然后查看：

于是我查看授权情况：

得知：

ALL: 允许做任何事(和root一样)。

USAGE: 只允许登录--其它什么也不允许做。

最后：

我用命令给localhost授权: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; 

退出127.0.0.1，使用localhost登录，这次可以看到所有的表了。

命令:GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host'

说明: privileges - 用户的操作权限,如SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE 等(详细列表见该文最后面).如果要授予所的权限则使用ALL.;databasename - 数据库名,tablename-表名,如果

要授予该用户对所有数据库和表的相应操作权限则可用*表示, 如*.*。

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在MySQL Workbench看不到mysql和schema库，如下图：

依次点击Edit-->Preferences-->SQL Editor，选中Show data Dictionaries and Internal Schemas即可。

点击OK，之后刷新一下就有了