一、Galera Cluster
Galera Cluster介绍
Galera Cluster：集成了Galera插件的MySQL集群，是一种新型的，数据不共享的，高度冗余的高可用方
目前Galera Cluster有两个版本，分别是Percona Xtradb Cluster及MariaDB Cluster，Galera本身是具有多主特性的，即采用multi-master的集群架构，是一个既稳健，又在数据一致性、完整性及高性能方面有出色表现的高可用解决方案。
Galera Cluster特点
多主架构：真正的多点读写的集群，在任何时候读写数据，都是最新的
同步复制：集群不同节点之间数据同步，没有延迟，在数据库挂掉之后，数据不会丢失
并发复制：从节点APPLY数据时，支持并行执行，更好的性能
故障切换：在出现数据库故障时，因支持多点写入，切换容易
热插拔：在服务期间，如果数据库挂了，只要监控程序发现的够快，不可服务时间就会非常少。在节点故障期间，节点本身对集群的影响非常小
自动节点克隆：在新增节点，或者停机维护时，增量数据或者基础数据不需要人工手动备份提供，Galera Cluster会自动拉取在线节点数据，最终集群会变为一致
对应用透明：集群的维护，对应用程序是透明的
Galera Cluster缺点
由于DDL 需全局验证通过，则集群性能由集群中最差性能节点决定（一般集群节点配置都是一样的）
新节点加入或延后较大的节点重新加入需全量拷贝数据(SST，State Snapshot Transfer),作为donor( 贡献者，如： 同步数据时的提供者)的节点在同步过程中无法提供读写
只支持innodb存储引擎的表
Galera Cluster工作过程
二、实战部署
1、环境准备
四台主机
pxc01 192.168.47.101
pxc02 192.168.47.102
pxc03 192.168.47.103
pxc04 192.168.47.104
2、安装Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.7
1、配置yum源
#在每台机器上执行安装命令
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@pxc01 ~]#
每台主机配置上述yum源，并执行安装命令
#在每台机器上执行安装命令
[root@pxc01 ~]# yum -y install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57
3、Percona XtraDB Cluster配置文件
/etc/my.cnf为主配置文件, 当前版本中, 其余的配置文件都放在/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d目录里, 包括mysqld.conf, mysqld_safe.cnf, wsrep.cnf三个文件
#主配置文件
[root@pxc01 ~]# ll /etc/my.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370 May 13 04:31 /etc/my.cnf
[root@pxc01 ~]# ll /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
mysqld.cnf mysqld_safe.cnf wsrep.cnf
#
[root@pxc01 ~]# ll /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 381 Jul 19 09:44 mysqld.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 440 May 13 04:31 mysqld_safe.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1126 Jul 19 11:27 wsrep.cnf
4、pxc01节点操作
1、查看my.cnf配置文件
#此文件不做任何修改
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
#
# The Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.7 configuration file.
#
#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
# The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
# Please make any edits and changes to the appropriate sectional files
# included below.
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/
!includedir /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
2、查看mysqld.cnf文件
#此文件可以修改MySQL的数据存放目录
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=1
datadir=/var/lib/mysql #mysql的存放目录可以修改
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log #mysql的日志路径可以修改
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days=7
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
3、查看mysqld_safe.cnf文件
#此文件不做任何修改
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld_safe.cnf
#
# The Percona Server 5.7 configuration file.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
[mysqld_safe]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
nice = 0
4、查看wsrep.cnf配置文件
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
# Cluster connection URL contains IPs of nodes
#If no IP is found, this implies that a new cluster needs to be created,
#in order to do that you need to bootstrap this node
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.47.101,192.168.47.102,192.168.47.103 #集群所有服务器的ip, 这里演示初期搭建三个服务器
# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW
# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
# Slave thread to use
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
# Node IP address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.47.101 #各个节点指定自己的ip
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
#If wsrep_node_name is not specified, then system hostname will be used
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-101 ##各个节点指定自己的节点名称
#pxc_strict_mode allowed values: DISABLED,PERMISSIVE,ENFORCING,MASTER
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
#Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cretPass" #取消本行注释, 用于各节点之间信息同步, 生产环境需要修改, 所有节点统一. 此处账号密码需要在数据库启动后, 手动创建
尽管Galera Cluster不再需要通过binlog的形式进行同步, 但还是建议在配置文件中开启二进制日志功能, 原因是后期有新节点需要加入, 老节点通过SST全量传输的方式向新节点传输数据, 很可能会拖垮集群性能, 所以让新节点通过binlog的方式完成同步再加入集群会是一种更好的选择。
5、pxc02节点操作
1、查看my.cnf配置文件
#此文件不做任何修改
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
#
# The Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.7 configuration file.
#
#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
# The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
# Please make any edits and changes to the appropriate sectional files
# included below.
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/
!includedir /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
2、查看mysqld.cnf文件
#此文件可以修改MySQL的数据存放目录
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=1
datadir=/var/lib/mysql #mysql的存放目录可以修改
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log #mysql的日志路径可以修改
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days=7
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
3、查看mysqld_safe.cnf文件
#此文件不做任何修改
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld_safe.cnf
#
# The Percona Server 5.7 configuration file.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
[mysqld_safe]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
nice = 0
4、查看wsrep.cnf配置文件
[root@pxc01 ~]# cat /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
# Cluster connection URL contains IPs of nodes
#If no IP is found, this implies that a new cluster needs to be created,
#in order to do that you need to bootstrap this node
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.47.101,192.168.47.102,192.168.47.103 #集群所有服务器的ip, 这里演示初期搭建三个服务器
# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW
# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
# Slave thread to use
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
# Node IP address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.47.102 #各个节点指定自己的ip
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
#If wsrep_node_name is not specified, then system hostname will be used
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-102 ##各个节点指定自己的节点名称
#pxc_strict_mode allowed values: DISABLED,PERMISSIVE,ENFORCING,MASTER
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
#Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cretPass" #取消本行注释, 用于各节点之间信息同步, 生产环境需要修改, 所有节点统一. 此
最低0.47元/天 解锁文章
1万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
