The concept of creating or configuring multiple IP addresses on a single network interface is called IP aliasing. IP aliasing is very useful for setting up multiple virtual sites on Apacheusing one single network interface with different IP addresses on a single subnet network.
The main advantage of using this IP aliasing is, you don’t need to have a physical adapter attached to each IP, but instead you can create multiple or many virtual interfaces (aliases) to a single physical card.
The instructions given here are applies to all major Linux distributions like Red Hat, Fedora, and CentOS. Creating multiple interfaces and assign IP address to it manually is a daunting task. Here we’ll see how we can assign IP address to it defining a set of IP range. Also understand how we are going to create a virtual interface and assign different range of IP Address to an interface in one go. In this article we used LAN IP‘s, so replace those with ones you will be using.
Creating Virtual Interface and Assign Multiple IP Addresses
Here I have an interface called “ifcfg-eth0“, the default interface for the Ethernet device. If you’ve attached second Ethernet device, then there would be an “ifcfg-eth1” device and so on for each device you’ve attached. These device network files are located in “/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/” directory. Navigate to the directory and do “ls -l” to list all devices.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/# ls -l
Sample Output
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-plusb init.ipv6-globalifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-post net.hotplugtions ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-funifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-fun cctions-ipv6 ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-plip ifup-wireless
Let’s assume that we want to create three additional virtual interfaces to bind three IP addresses (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127, and 172.16.16.128) to the NIC. So, we need to create three additional alias files, while “ifcfg-eth0” keeps the same primary IP address. This is how we moving forward to setup three aliases to bind the following IP addresses.
Adapter IP Address Type-------------------------------------------------eth0 172.16.16.25 Primaryeth0:1 172.16.16.27 Alias 2eth0:0 172.16.16.26 Alias 1 eth0:2 172.16.16.28 Alias 3
Where “:X” is the device (interface) number to create the aliases for interface eth0. For each alias you must assign a number sequentially. For example, we copying existing parameters of interface “ifcfg-eth0” in virtual interfaces called ifcfg-eth0:0, ifcfg-eth0:1 and ifcfg-eth0:2. Go into the network directory and create the files as shown below.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1
Open a file “ifcfg-eth0” and view the contents.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0DEVICE="eth0"BOOTPROTO=staticONBOOT=yesnet"TYPE="Ether IPADDR=172.16.16.125NETMASK=255.255.255.224GATEWAY=172.16.16.1004CHWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD :
Here we only need two parameters (DEVICE and IPADDR). So, open each file with VI editor and rename the DEVICE name to its corresponding alias and change the IPADDR address. For example, open files “ifcfg-eth0:0“, “ifcfg-eth0:1” and “ifcfg-eth0:2” using VI editor and change both the parameters. Finally it will look similar to below.
ifcfg-eth0:0
DEVICE="eth0:0"BOOTPROTO=staticONBOOT=yesnet"TYPE="Ether IPADDR=172.16.16.126NETMASK=255.255.255.224GATEWAY=172.16.16.1004CHWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD :
ifcfg-eth0:1
DEVICE="eth0:1"BOOTPROTO=staticONBOOT=yesnet"TYPE="Ether IPADDR=172.16.16.127NETMASK=255.255.255.224GATEWAY=172.16.16.1004CHWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD :
ifcfg-eth0:2
DEVICE="eth0:2"BOOTPROTO=staticONBOOT=yesnet"TYPE="Ether IPADDR=172.16.16.128NETMASK=255.255.255.224GATEWAY=172.16.16.1004CHWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD :
Once, you’ve made all changes, save all your changes and restart/start the network service for the changes to reflect.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/network restart
To verify all the aliases (virtual interface) are up and running, you can use “ifconfig” or “ip” command.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:LinkRX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frameUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 :0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:25429TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier: 0 (24.8 KiB) TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
Ping each of them from different machine. If everything setup correctly, you will get a ping response from each of them.
ping 172.16.16.126ping 172.16.16.127 ping 172.16.16.128
Sample Output
[root@tecmint ~]# ping 172.16.16.126PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms--- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted , 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms.551 ms [root@tecmint ~]# pingrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0 172.16.16.127PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms--- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted , 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms.551 ms [root@tecmint ~]# pingrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0 172.16.16.128PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms--- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted , 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms.551 msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/ 0
Seems everything working smoothly, With these new IPs’ you can setup virtual sites inApache, FTP accounts and many other things.
Assign Multiple IP Address Range
If you would like to create a range of Multiple IP Addresses to a particular interface called “ifcfg-eth0“, we use “ifcfg-eth0-range0” and copy the contains of ifcfg-eth0 on it as shown below.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@tecmint network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0
Now open “ifcfg-eth0-range0” file and add “IPADDR_START” and “IPADDR_END” IP address range as shown below.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0-range0#DEVICE="eth0" #BOOTPROTO=none #NM_CONTROLLED="yes" #ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet"IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130IPV6INIT=no#GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
Save it and restart/start network service
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/network restart
Verify that virtual interfaces are created with IP Address.
[root@tecmint network-scripts]# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:LinkRX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 framUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 e:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:127317TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier: 0 (124.3 KiB) TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.129 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4Cinet addr: 172.16.16.130 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
If you having any trouble in setting up, please do post your queries in the comment section.
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