Spring Cloud Alibaba】Sentinel 流量控制

Sentinel是面向分布式服务架构的流量控制组件，主要以流量为切入点，从流量控制、熔断降级、系统自适应保护等多个维度来帮助您保障微服务的稳定性

SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel流量控制方向

• 资源的调用关系，例如资源的调用链路，资源和资源之间的关系
• 运行指标，例如QPS、线程池、系统负载等
• 控制的效果，例如直接限流、冷启动、排队等

1 搭建SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel控制台

Sentinel提供一个轻量级的开源控制台，它提供机器发现以及健康情况管理、监控(单机和集群），规则管理和推送的功能

获取并启动Sentinel Dashboard(控制台)

1.下载控制台Jar包: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases
2. java -Dserver.port=7777 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:7777 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.1.jar
3.从 Sentinel 1.6.0起，Sentinel Dashboard引入了基本的登录功能，默认的用
户名密码都是sentinel

2 项目集成

创建子模块，配置maven

<artifactId>e-commerce-sentinel-client</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!-- 模块名及描述信息 -->
<name>e-commerce-sentinel-client</name>
<description>Sentinel Client</description>

<dependencies>
    <!-- 创建工程需要的两个依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Sentinel 适配了 Feign, 可以实现服务间调用的保护 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Sentinel 使用 Nacos 存储规则 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- web 工程 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.flowboot.e.commerce</groupId>
        <artifactId>e-commerce-common</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<!--
    SpringBoot的Maven插件, 能够以Maven的方式为应用提供SpringBoot的支持，可以将
    SpringBoot应用打包为可执行的jar或war文件, 然后以通常的方式运行SpringBoot应用
 -->
<build>
    <finalName>${artifactId}</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>repackage</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

3 降级

SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel对降级功能的支持

3.1 接口降级

3.1.2 硬编码限流

FlowRuleCodeController

package cn.flowboot.e.commerce.controller;

import cn.flowboot.e.commerce.block.handler.MyBlockHandler;
import cn.flowboot.e.commerce.vo.CommonResponse;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * <h1>流控规则硬编码</h1>
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @author: Vincent Vic
 * @since: 2022/03/17
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/code")
public class FlowRuleCodeController {
   

    /**
     * 初始化流控规则
     */
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
   
        //流控规则集合
        List<FlowRule> flowRules = new ArrayList<>();
        //创建流控规则
        FlowRule flowRule = new FlowRule();
        //设置流控规则QPS，限流阈值类型CQPS,并发线程数
        flowRule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS);
        //流量控制手段
        flowRule.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT);
        //设置受保护的资源
        flowRule.setResource("flowRuleCode");
        //设置受保护的资源的阈值
        flowRule.setCount(1);
        flowRules.add(flowRule);

        //加载配置好的规则
        FlowRuleManager.loadRules(flowRules);
    }

    /**
     * <h1>采用硬编码的限流规则的Controller方法</h1>
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/flow-rule")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "flowRuleCode")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "flowRuleCode",blockHandler = "handleException")
    @SentinelResource(value = "flowRuleCode",blockHandler = "myHandleException",blockHandlerClass = MyBlockHandler.class)
    public CommonResponse<String> flowRuleCode(){
   
        log.info("request flowRuleCode");
        return CommonResponse.success();
    }

    /**
     * <h2>当限流异常抛出时,指定调用的方法</h2>
     * 是一个兜底策略
     */
    public CommonResponse handleException(BlockException e){
   
        log.error("has block exception : [{}]", JSONObject.toJSONString(e.getRule()));
        return CommonResponse.fail("flow rule exception",e.getClass().getCanonicalName());
    }

}

上文flowRuleCode方法注解使用到通用限流处理MyBlockHandler ，可切换注释使用不同使用策略

package cn.flowboot.e.commerce.block.handler;

import cn.flowboot.e.commerce.vo.CommonResponse;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * <h1>自定义通用处理逻辑</h1>
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @author: Vincent Vic
 * @since: 2022/03/17
 */
@Slf4j
public class MyBlockHandler {
   

    /**
     * <h2>通用限流处理方法</h2>
     * 这个方法必须是static的
     **/
    public static CommonResponse<String> myHandleException(BlockException e){
   
        log.error("has block exception : [{}], [{}]", JSONObject.toJSONString(e.getRule()),e.getRuleLimitApp());
        return CommonResponse.fail("trigger flow rule exception",e.getClass().getCanonicalName());
    }

}

3.1.2 控制面板限流

RateLimitController

package cn.flowboot.e.commerce.controller;

import cn.flowboot.e