the Contoso University 简单实例~01

具体的代码以及教程可以参看这个网址（英文）

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/mvc/overview/getting-started/getting-started-with-ef-using-mvc/creating-an-entity-framework-data-model-for-an-asp-net-mvc-application

1.创建一个mvc的web应用：ContosoUniversity
2.设置网站样式（修改Views\Shared_Layout.cshtml ）
3.修改Views\Home\Index.cshtml
ctrl+f5运行一下，看下主菜单

4.安装Entity Framework6 ( 工具—NuGet包管理器—程序包控制台)
输入：Install-Package EntityFramework
5.创建实体类（Course , Enrollment , Student）

Student :

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public string FirstMidName { get; set; }
        public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    }
}

Enrollment :

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public enum Grade
    {
        A, B, C, D, F
    }
    public class Enrollment
    {
        public int EnrollmentID { get; set; }
        public int CourseID { get; set; }
        public int StudentID { get; set; }
        public Grade? Grade { get; set; }

        public virtual Course Course { get; set; }
        public virtual Student Student { get; set; }
    }
}

Course:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Course
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
        public int CourseID { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public int Credits { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    }
}

6.创建Database Context : SchoolContext
在ContosoUniversity中的解决方案下，创建一个新的文件夹DAL。在文件夹下创建一个SchoolContext类。

using ContosoUniversity.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
namespace ContosoUniversity.DAL
{
    public class SchoolContext : DbContext
    {
        public SchoolContext() : base("SchoolContext")
        {
        }

        public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
//阻止表格名复数化（Students,Courses,Enrollments）
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
        }
    }
}

7.建立初始化数据库的测试数据
在DAL文件夹下，创建一个SchoolInitializer的类。它负责数据库创建，和测试数据的加载。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Data.Entity;
using ContosoUniversity.Models;
namespace ContosoUniversity.DAL
{
    public class SchoolInitializer : System.Data.Entity. DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<SchoolContext>
    {
        protected override void Seed(SchoolContext context)
        {
            var students = new List<Student>
            {
            new Student{FirstMidName="Carson",LastName="Alexander",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Meredith",LastName="Alonso",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Arturo",LastName="Anand",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Gytis",LastName="Barzdukas",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Yan",LastName="Li",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Peggy",LastName="Justice",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2001-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Laura",LastName="Norman",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01")},
            new Student{FirstMidName="Nino",LastName="Olivetto",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01")}
            };

            students.ForEach(s => context.Students.Add(s));
            context.SaveChanges();
            var courses = new List<Course>
            {
            new Course{CourseID=1050,Title="Chemistry",Credits=3,},
            new Course{CourseID=4022,Title="Microeconomics",Credits=3,},
            new Course{CourseID=4041,Title="Macroeconomics",Credits=3,},
            new Course{CourseID=1045,Title="Calculus",Credits=4,},
            new Course{CourseID=3141,Title="Trigonometry",Credits=4,},
            new Course{CourseID=2021,Title="Composition",Credits=3,},
            new Course{CourseID=2042,Title="Literature",Credits=4,}
            };
            courses.ForEach(s => context.Courses.Add(s));
            context.SaveChanges();
            var enrollments = new List<Enrollment>
            {
            new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=1050,Grade=Grade.A},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=4022,Grade=Grade.C},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=4041,Grade=Grade.B},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=1045,Grade=Grade.B},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=3141,Grade=Grade.F},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=2021,Grade=Grade.F},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=3,CourseID=1050},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=4,CourseID=1050,},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=4,CourseID=4022,Grade=Grade.F},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=5,CourseID=4041,Grade=Grade.C},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=6,CourseID=1045},
            new Enrollment{StudentID=7,CourseID=3141,Grade=Grade.A},
            };
            enrollments.ForEach(s => context.Enrollments.Add(s));
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

然后在web.config下的entityFramework元素告诉EF使用你的初始化类。

<entityFramework>
  <contexts>
    <context type="ContosoUniversity.DAL.SchoolContext, ContosoUniversity">
      <databaseInitializer type="ContosoUniversity.DAL.SchoolInitializer, ContosoUniversity" />
    </context>
  </contexts>
  <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
    <parameters>
      <parameter value="v11.0" />
    </parameters>
  </defaultConnectionFactory>
  <providers>
    <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
  </providers>
</entityFramework>

你也可以通过设置：disableDatabaseInitialization=”true”使EF不用initializer
For more information, see Entity Framework - Config File Settings.
你也可以通过Global.asax.cs下的Application_Start方法增加一个Database.SetInitializer来设置初始化（Initializer） For more information, see Understanding Database Initializers in Entity Framework Code First.

8.建立数据库（LocalDB）
Web.config文件下添加

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="SchoolContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=ContosoUniversity1;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

9.建立StudentController和Views