1.使用kubeadm快速部署一个kubernetes集群(k8s)
1. 安装要求
- 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像
- 禁止swap分区
2.虚拟机设置master和node节点
角色 | ip | 组件安装 |
---|---|---|
master | 192.168.100.99 | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、 kube-scheduler、docker |
node01 | 192.168.100.100 | kube-proxy、kubelet、docker |
node02 | 192.168.100.101 | kube-proxy、kubelet、docker |
3.三台机器操作
2.1关闭防火墙,selinux,swap,时间同步,更新yum
#关闭CentOS防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
#关闭selinux:
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
#关闭swap:
swapoff -a # 临时
#永久禁用
echo vm.swappiness=0 >> /etc/sysctl.conf
vi /etc/fstab #删除 /mnt/swap swap swap defaults 0 0 这一行或者注释掉这一行
swapoff -a && swapon -a
sysctl -p #(执行这个使其生效,不用重启)
#查看是否关闭
free -m
##更新yum
yum -y update
#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链(防止流量丢失):
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# 生效
sysctl --system
#时间同步:
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
#在master添加hosts,如果node节点和master节点为Hostname为IP可以不设置(修改主机名实例: hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master):
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.100.99 k8s-master
192.168.100.100 k8s-node1
192.168.100.101 k8s-node2
EOF
2.2 安装Docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
docker --version
#由于这里的Docker的Cgroup Driver不符合kubernetes要求,执行如下命令
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker
systemctl status docker
2.3添加阿里云YUM软件源
#指定阿里云镜像拉取阿里云镜像仓库地址。
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
2.4 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.0 kubeadm-1.17.0 kubectl-1.17.0
#kubelet加入开机自启动
systemctl enable kubelet
4.部署Master
4.kubeadm init
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=你的MasterIp \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.17.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
#安装失败重置
kubeadm reset
#查看需要安装的镜像
kubeadm config images list
#如果实在pull不下来执行下面命令,如果还拉不下镜像请手动拉取修改~
kubeadm config images list |sed -e 's/^/docker pull /g' -e 's#k8s.gcr.io#docker.io/mirrorgooglecontainers#g' |sh -x
docker images |grep mirrorgooglecontainers |awk '{print "docker tag ",$1":"$2,$1":"$2}' |sed -e 's#docker.io/mirrorgooglecontainers#k8s.gcr.io#2' |sh -x
docker images |grep mirrorgooglecontainers |awk '{print "docker rmi ", $1":"$2}' |sh -x
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.6.5
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.6.5 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5
docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.6.5
安装完毕后执行下面命令:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
5. 安装Pod网络插件(kube-flannel)
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
#改成这个文件的镜像(image)地址为:lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 然后执行下列命令
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
然后执行kubectl get nodes(多次尝试根据电脑配置可能启动比较慢)
$ kubectl get nodes(出现如下情况说明master搭建完成)
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.100.99 Ready master 22m v1.17.0
5.部署node(其他节点一样的操作)
#在master执行如下命令,列出token
$ kubeadm token list | awk -F" " '{print $1}' |tail -n 1
cg2r9a.yrygpcynbj7fe8ku
#获取CA公钥的哈希值
$ openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^ .* //'
(stdin)= 847bba87d1be58e579ca6b14a7487b7b90bca259077d855a15bd4f5b5be59f1c
#然后在node节点输入如下命令,记得跟换你的masterIP,token和CA哈希
$ kubeadm join 192.168.100.99:6443 --token cg2r9a.yrygpcynbj7fe8ku \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:847bba87d1be58e579ca6b14a7487b7b90bca259077d855a15bd4f5b5be59f1c
#安装失败重置
kubeadm reset
6.查看节点是否互通
#执行如下命令就是配置成功,启动可能较慢,多次尝试
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.100.100 Ready <none> 3s v1.17.0
192.168.100.99 Ready master 7m30s v1.17.0
7.部署 Dashboard
#下载该配置文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
#这里建议手动拉取镜像
docker pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta8
#然后修改配置文件时,设置永不拉取镜像,使用本地
imagePullPolicy: Never
修改该配置文件的 Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 31111 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#然后执行
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
#为Dashboard创建一个用户使用token登录
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
#获取该命令得到的token
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
在浏览器访问https://192.168.100.100:31111/,将复制的token粘贴到
使用火狐可以访问到,如果使用谷歌需要如下配置
#先把之前创建的recommended.yaml的pod删除
kubectl delete -f recommended.yaml
#创建空间
kubectl create namespace kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs \
--from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt -n kubernetes-dashboard
修改recommended.yaml的配置文件,注释如下配置
#注释当前配置
# apiVersion: v1
# kind: Secret
# metadata:
# labels:
# k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
# name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
# namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
# type: Opaque
#在args然后添加如下配置
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
- --tls-key-file=apiserver.key
- --tls-cert-file=apiserver.crt
#然后启动文件就可以用谷歌访问你了,最后重新获取一下token,登录
kubectl create -f recommended.yaml