Centos安装docker及常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 15:06:14 发布

置顶 Virgocloud

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 15:06:14 发布

阅读量394

点赞数 1

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Virgo626249038/article/details/119087432

版权

所有笔记资源来自【狂神说java】,本人手动一个个字码的：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=11

一、centos安装docker

1、卸载旧版本

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2、需要的安装包

yum install -y yum-utils \
  device-mapper-persistent-data \
  lvm2

3、设置镜像仓库，默认的docker官方（较慢）

yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo   （阿里云）

 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo（清华大学）

4、更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast

5、安装Docker Engine-Community

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

6、启动docker

systemctl start docker

7、测试docker是否可以正常运行

docker run hello-world

8、卸载docker;

remove docker-ce

9、删除镜像、容器、配置文件等内容

rm -rf /var/lib/docker（默认路径）

10、报错信息：docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?.
See ‘docker run --help’.

原因：docker没启动起来

二、镜像命令

1、查看本地所有镜像：docker images

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB

REPOSITORY：镜像的仓库源
TAG ：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID ：镜像的ID
CREATED ：镜像创建的时间
SIZE ：镜像的大小

可选项： -a #列出所有镜像
-q #只显示镜像ID

2、搜索镜像：docker search

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11168           
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4238           
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   832

可选项：通过搜索条件来过滤。- -filter=STARS=3000

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11168          
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4238

3、下载镜像：docker pull 镜像名[:tag] //tag是指版本，不写tag默认下载最新版

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest           #如果不写tag；默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql  #分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
33847f680f63: Pull complete 
5cb67864e624: Pull complete 
1a2b594783f5: Pull complete 
b30e406dd925: Pull complete 
48901e306e4c: Pull complete 
603d2b7147fd: Pull complete 
802aa684c1c4: Pull complete 
715d3c143a06: Pull complete 
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete 
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete 
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete 
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest   #真实地址

***指定镜像版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Already exists     #由于上面装过mysql，文件共用所以显示已存在
5cb67864e624: Already exists 
1a2b594783f5: Already exists 
b30e406dd925: Already exists 
48901e306e4c: Already exists 
603d2b7147fd: Already exists 
802aa684c1c4: Already exists 
5b5a19178915: Pull complete 
f9ce7411c6e4: Pull complete 
f51f6977d9b2: Pull complete 
aeb6b16ce012: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:be70d18aedc37927293e7947c8de41ae6490ecd4c79df1db40d1b5b5af7d9596
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

4、删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id  #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部镜像

三、容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器。
容器和镜像的区别：如图在这里插入图片描述
***准备测试环境

docker pull centos

1、新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] images
--name="Name"  容器名字 如tomcat01 tomcat02.区别容器
-d             后台方式运行
-it            使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p             指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
       -p  ip:主机端口：容器端口
       -p  主机端口：容器端口（常用）
       -p  容器端口
       -P（大写）   随机指定端口

测试，启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@124889ae9d12 /]#    容器内的centos，很多命令不完善
[root@124889ae9d12 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

2、列出所有的运行容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
124889ae9d12   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             elastic_jepsen

****可选项
#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #累出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n-? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #显示容器的编号

3、退出容器

exit      #直接让容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q  #容器不停止退出

4、删除容器

docker  rm 容器id       #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果需要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

5、启动并停止容器操作

注：查看容器id使用docker ps命令       查看镜像id使用docker images
docker start   容器id         #启动容器
docker restart 容器id         #重启容器
docker stop    容器id         #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill    容器id         #强制停止当前容器

6、后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名字

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
139ab210efaa766008b29d5623d984c39ae9c5aab67d70d62226aff368cd5073
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

问题：发现docker  ps centos停止了。
常见的坑：docker动气使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没应用就会自动停止

7、查看日志
在这里插入图片描述
8、查看容器中进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps    #正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
698848f4813c   centos    "/bin/bash"   30 seconds ago   Up 29 seconds             hopeful_kirch
d6fa3371dbf4   centos    "/bin/bash"   36 seconds ago   Up 35 seconds             trusting_goldstine

[root@localhost ~]# docker top 698848f4813c 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                54218               54199               0                   07:28               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

8、查看镜像的元数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect d6fa3371dbf4
[
    {
        "Id": "d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182",
        "Created": "2021-07-25T14:28:21.91684532Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 54136,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-07-25T14:28:22.212099066Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182/d6fa3371dbf4a5afef47e31f890652b5cd55a7ece668457b42a5b06ea339f182-json.log",
        "Name": "/trusting_goldstine",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34babea18da5df5c424174c90efc5d2b710a743a1fa18ff529ba266de70e1ec1-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c5e2cc39c5971e930631ea30e2f53f9ed3c681714c40e8212254c855cbff2fad/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34babea18da5df5c424174c90efc5d2b710a743a1fa18ff529ba266de70e1ec1/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34babea18da5df5c424174c90efc5d2b710a743a1fa18ff529ba266de70e1ec1/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34babea18da5df5c424174c90efc5d2b710a743a1fa18ff529ba266de70e1ec1/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d6fa3371dbf4",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "9145cabf264b5b432242267faebec23c647f88fd932fedf2552692adf2b7e05a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9145cabf264b",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "803c90eef43cd99818edcecdcccf7d3a68e1b5ed22487ba0e5e97da58d9c2d34",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "c35b979b6003d9faed9670ebec741eb08f19672e246cd1d893fae9c39f4fc648",
                    "EndpointID": "803c90eef43cd99818edcecdcccf7d3a68e1b5ed22487ba0e5e97da58d9c2d34",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

9、进入正在运行的容器

方法一：docker exec -it 容器id  /bin/bash       #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（最常用）
  
方法二：docker attach 容器id                    #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

10、从容器中拷贝文件都主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目标主机路径

[root@localhost ~]# ls       #目标主机
anaconda-ks.cfg  original-ks.cfg

[root@9e29b82aeabc ~]# ls   #容器
anaconda-ks.cfg  anaconda-post.log  original-ks.cfg  test.file

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps     #查看容器ID
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
9e29b82aeabc   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             keen_lovelace
698848f4813c   centos    "/bin/bash"   12 minutes ago       Up 12 minutes                 hopeful_kirch
d6fa3371dbf4   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 minutes ago       Up 13 minutes                 trusting_goldstine

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 9e29b82aeabc:/root/test.file /root
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  original-ks.cfg  test.file

11、从主机中拷贝到容器

docker  cp 主机文件路径  容器id:容器目标路径
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp /root/test.txt 5005b2c1cfca:/root

***将主机的test.txt文件拷贝到容器的/root目录下***

Virgocloud

关注

1
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Centos安装docker及常用命令

所有笔记资源来自【狂神说java】,本人手动一个个字码的：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=11一、centos安装docker1、卸载旧版本yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker
复制链接

扫一扫