Failed to start component

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/purchase]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1123)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:816)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/purchase]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid <url-pattern> * in servlet mapping
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3300)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3275)
	at org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml.configureContext(WebXml.java:1438)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1357)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:889)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:386)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5380)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

三月 16, 2019 7:31:15 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1123)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:739)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:689)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:321)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:455)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1131)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:816)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

三月 16, 2019 7:31:15 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start.
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:689)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:321)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:455)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:739)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1131)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 11 more

百度了很多都没解决，这时注意web.xml是否有问题：servlet是否都定义了，mapping映射是否定义正确，检查servlet-name上下有没有对应 。url-pattern格式是否正确，我这里是将

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>purchase</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

写成了：

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>purchase</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

少了“/”。
其实异常信里也有提示：如