C++学习笔记－－动态内存分配

In summary, when both the base class and the derived class use dynamic memory allocation, the derived-class destructor, copy constructor, and assignment operator all must use their base-class conterparts to handle the base-class component.

总之，当父类和子类都用到动态内存分配是，子类的构造器，拷贝构造器，赋值运算符都必须使用相对应的父类的部分。

// dma.h -- inheritance and dynamic memory allocation

#ifndef DMA_H_
#define DMA_H_
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class baseDMA
{
private:
	char * label;
	int rating;
public:
	baseDMA(const char * l = "null", int r = 0);
	baseDMA(const baseDMA & rs);
	virtual ~baseDMA();
	baseDMA & operator=(const baseDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const baseDMA & rs);
};
class lacksDMA: public baseDMA
{
private:
	enum { COL_LEN = 40 };
	char color[COL_LEN];
public:
	lacksDMA(const char * c = "blank", const char * l = "null",
		int r = 0);
	lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const lacksDMA & rs);
};
class hasDMA : public baseDMA
{
private:
	char * style;
public:
	hasDMA(const char * s = "none", const char * l = "null",
		int r = 0);
	hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs);
	hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs);
	~hasDMA();
	hasDMA & operator=(const hasDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const hasDMA & rs);
};
#endif

// dma.cpp -- dma class methods

#include "dma.h"
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
baseDMA::baseDMA(const char * l, int r)
{
	label = new char[strlen(l) + 1];
	strcpy(label, l);
	rating = r;
}
baseDMA::baseDMA(const baseDMA & rs)
{
	label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
	strcpy(label, rs.label);
	rating = rs.rating;
}
baseDMA::~baseDMA()
{
	delete [] label;
}
baseDMA & baseDMA::operator=(const baseDMA & rs)
{
	if (this == &rs)
		return *this;
	delete [] label;
	label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
	strcpy(label, rs.label);
	rating = rs.rating;
	return *this;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const baseDMA & rs)
{
	os << "Label: " << rs.label << endl;
	os << "Rating: " << rs.rating << endl;
	return os;
}
lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const char * l, int r) : baseDMA(l, r)
{
	strncpy(color, c, 39);
	color[39] = '\0';
}
lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs) : baseDMA(rs)
{
	strncpy(color, c, COL_LEN - 1);
	color[COL_LEN - 1] = '\0';
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const lacksDMA & ls)
{
	os << (const baseDMA &) ls;
	os << "Color: " << ls.color << endl;
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const char * l, int r) : baseDMA(l, r)
{
	style = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
	strcpy(style, s);
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs) : baseDMA(rs)
{
	style = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
	strcpy(style, s);
}
hasDMA::hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs) 
	: baseDMA(hs) // invoke base class copy constructor
{
	style = new char[strlen(hs.style) + 1];
	strcpy(style, hs.style);
}
hasDMA::~hasDMA()
{
	delete [] style;
}
hasDMA & hasDMA::operator=(const hasDMA & hs)
{
	if (this == &hs)
		return *this;
	baseDMA::operator=(hs); // copy base portion
	delete [] style; // prepare for new style
	style = new char[strlen(hs.style) + 1];
	strcpy(style, hs.style);
	return *this;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const hasDMA & hs)
{
	os << (const baseDMA &) hs;
	os << "Style: " << hs.style << endl;	
	return os;
}

// usedma.cpp -- inheritance, friends, and DMA#include <iostream>

#include "dma.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    baseDMA shirt("Portabelly", 8);
    lacksDMA balloon("red", "Blimpo", 4);
    hasDMA map("Merator", "Buffalo Keys", 5);
    cout << "Displaying baseDMA object:\n";
    cout << shirt << endl;
    cout << "Displaying lacksDMA object:\n";
    cout << balloon << endl;
    cout << "Displaying hasDMA object:\n";
    cout << map << endl;
    lacksDMA balloon2(balloon);
    cout << "Result of lacksDMA copy:\n";
    cout << balloon2 << endl;
    hasDMA map2;
    map2 = map;
    cout << "Result of hasDMA assignment:\n";
    cout << map2 << endl;
    return 0;
}

输出：

wang@wang:~/c++$ ./a.out
Displaying baseDMA object:
Label: Portabelly
Rating: 8

Displaying lacksDMA object:
Label: Blimpo
Rating: 4
Color: red

Displaying hasDMA object:
Label: Buffalo Keys
Rating: 5
Style: Merator

Result of lacksDMA copy:
Label: Blimpo
Rating: 4
Color: red

Result of hasDMA assignment:
Label: Buffalo Keys
Rating: 5
Style: Merator