类与对象(二十二)----多态数组

多态的应用–多态数组

多态数组—定义类型为父类类型，里面保存的实际元素为子类型

应用实例

现有一个继承结构如下：
要求创建1个Person对象，2个Student对象和2个Teacher对象，统一放在数组中，并调用每个对象的say方法

//Person类
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String say(){
        return name+"的信息为:年龄"+age;
    }
}
//Student类
public class Student extends Person{
    private double score;
    public Student(String name, int age, double score) {
        super(name, age);
        this.score = score;
    }
    public String say(){
        return super.say()+"成绩为"+score;
    }
}
//Teacher类
public class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;
    public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
        super(name, age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public String say(){
        return super.say()+"月薪为"+salary;
    }
}
//测试类
public class Test001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建Person类型的数组，空间为4.依次创建对象，赋值进数组
        Person []persons = new Person [4];
        persons[0] = new Student("李涛",22,76);
        persons[1] = new Student("李四",25,59);
        persons[2] = new Teacher("张宁",35,12000);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("杨炎",45,5000);
        //2.遍历数组，使用数组下标，根据运行类型依次输出say方法
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i].say());
        }
    }
}

输出结果

问题升级----------
学生和老师类现新增一个学习方法和教学方法。要求在输出信息的时候同时调用各自的方法。

1. 因为数组的引用类型是Person，所以不能直接调用他们私有的方法。因此联想到可以使用向下转型来调用、
2. 但是有个问题在于，数组中不只是一个子类型的对象，分别有两个不同子类的对象
3. 可以利用instanceOf关键字，判断是哪个类。然后分别向对应的进行向下转型，然后调用子类特有的方法

//Person类
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String say(){
        return name+"的信息为:年龄"+age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}
//Student类
public class Student extends Person{
    private double score;
    public Student(String name, int age, double score) {
        super(name, age);
        this.score = score;
    }
    public String say(){
        return super.say()+"成绩为"+score;
    }
    public void Study(){
        System.out.println(getName()+"正在学java");
    }
}
//Teacher类
public class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;
    public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
        super(name, age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public String say(){
        return super.say()+"月薪为"+salary;
    }
    public void teach(){
        System.out.println(getName()+"正在教学");
    }
}
//测试类
public class Test001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建Person类型的数组，空间为4.依次创建对象，赋值进数组
        Person []persons = new Person [4];
        persons[0] = new Student("李涛",22,76);
        persons[1] = new Student("李四",25,59);
        persons[2] = new Teacher("张宁",35,12000);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("杨炎",45,5000);
        //2.遍历数组，使用数组下标，根据运行类型依次输出say方法
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i].say());
            //3.创建if语句使用instanceof关键字根据不同的子类型，向下转型，然后调用特有的方法
            if (persons[i] instanceof Student){
                Student student = (Student) persons[i];
                student.Study();
            }else{//因为此次传入的只有两个类，所以直接else，后续有更多可以补全
                Teacher teacher = (Teacher) persons[i];
                teacher.teach();
            }
        }
    }
}

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