Socket之TCP与UDP的编程实现

一、概述
TCP（传输控制协议）和UDP（用户数据报协议是网络体系结构TCP/IP模型中传输层一层中的两个不同的通信协议。
TCP：传输控制协议，一种面向连接的协议，给用户进程提供可靠的全双工的字节流，TCP套接口是字节流套接口(stream socket)的一种。
UDP：用户数据报协议。UDP是一种无连接协议。UDP套接口是数据报套接口(datagram socket)的一种。

二、简单了解了社么是TCP和UDP是什么之后，我们就来具体实现基于Socket的编程实现：

TCP通信

TCPService.java TCP的服务端

package sockettest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * TCP服务端
 * @author wjddn
 *
 */
public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8796);
            System.out.println("****服务器正在启动，等待数据传输******");
            Socket socket =null;
            int count = 0;
            while(true){
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                ServerThread thread = new ServerThread(socket);
                thread.start();
                count++;
                System.out.println("当前访客为： "+count);
                InetAddress address = socket.getInetAddress();
                System.out.println("当前客户端的ip为： "+address.getHostAddress());
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

TCPClient.java TCP客户端

package sockettest;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * 客户端
 * @author wjddn
 *
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8796);
            OutputStream stream = socket.getOutputStream();
            PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(stream);
            writer.write("用户名：hansan , 密码：456");
            writer.flush();
            socket.shutdownOutput();
            InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
            String date = null;
            while((date = reader.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(date);
            }

            inputStream.close();
            reader.close();
            stream.close();
            writer.close();
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

因为想了下，通信是有交互的，所以这里使用多线程来进行客户端与服务器端的交互。

package sockettest;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 多线程实现Socket
 * @author wjddn
 *
 */
public class ServerThread extends Thread {
    Socket socket = null;

    public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    };

    @Override
    public void run() {

        InputStream inputStream = null;
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
        OutputStream stream = null;
        PrintWriter writer = null;

        try {

            inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String info = null;
            while((info = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(info);
            }
            socket.shutdownInput();

            stream = socket.getOutputStream();
            writer = new PrintWriter(stream);
            writer.write("这里是服务端发来的信息，欢迎你......");
            writer.flush();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(stream != null){
                try {
                    stream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally{
                    stream = null;
                }
            }
            if(writer != null){
                try {
                    writer.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally{
                    writer = null;
                }
            }
            if(inputStream != null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally{
                    inputStream = null;
                }
            }
            if(inputStreamReader != null){
                try {
                    inputStreamReader.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally{
                    inputStreamReader = null;
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally{
                    socket = null;
                }
            }

        }



    }

}

以上就是多线程实现TCP服务端与客户端进行通讯。在验证时候先启动服务端，再启动客户端。

UDP通讯
udp通信利用的是一个DatagreamSocket类进行实现的，具体代码如下：

UDPServer.java

package sockettest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

/**
 * UDP通信服务端
 * @author wjddn
 *
 */
public class UDPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            /**
             * 接收客户端信息
             */
            DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
            byte [] date = new byte[1024];

            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(date,date.length);
            socket.receive(packet);
            System.out.println("客户端说："+new String(date, 0,packet.getLength()));

            /**
             * 向客户端发送信息
             */
            InetAddress address = packet.getAddress();
            int port = packet.getPort();
            byte [] date2 = "欢迎你....".getBytes() ;
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(date2, date2.length, address, port);
            socket.send(datagramPacket);

        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

UDPClient.java

package sockettest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * UDP客户端
 * 
 * @author wjddn
 * 
 */
public class UDPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            /**
             * 向服务器发送数据
             */
            // 定义服务器地址
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            int port = 8888;
            byte[] date = "用户名： admin ,密码 ： admin".getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(date, date.length,
                    address, port);
            // 创建DatagreamSocket对象
            DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
            socket.send(packet);

            /**
             * 接收服务器信息
             */
            byte[] date2 = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(date2, date2.length);
            socket.receive(packet2);

            System.out.println("服务器说： "
                    + new String(date2, 0, packet2.getLength()));

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}