总体规则:
当一个类继承自多个基类,而且本身还包含有其他类的成员对象的时候,构造函数的调用顺序为:基类的构造函数->成员对象的构造函数->自身的构造函数。构造函数的调用次序完全不受构造函数初始化列表中表达式的次序影响,只与基类的声明次序和成员对象在函数中的声明次序有关。
析构函数调用次序与构造函数刚好相反:自身的析构函数->成员对象的析构函数->基类的析构函数
实例:
文件 cppclasscons.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B1
{
public:
B1(int i) {b = i; cout << "B1 constructor" << b << endl;}
~B1(){cout << "B1 destructor" << b <<endl;}
private:
int b;
};
class B2
{
public:
B2(int i) {b = i; cout << "B2 constructor" << b << endl;}
~B2(){cout << "B2 destructor" << b <<endl;}
private:
int b;
};
class B3
{
public:
B3() {cout << "B3 constructor" << endl;}
~B3(){cout << "B3 destructor" <<endl;}
};
class C: public B2, public B1, public B3
{
public:
C(int a, int b, int c, int d):B1(a),memberB2(d),memberB1(c),B2(b) {}
private:
B3 memberB3;
B1 memberB1;
B2 memberB2;
};
int main()
{
C obj(1,2,3,4);
return 0;
}
g++4.6输出:
B2 constructor2
B1 constructor1
B3 constructor
B3 constructor
B1 constructor3
B2 constructor4
B2 destructor4
B1 destructor3
B3 destructor
B3 destructor
B1 destructor1
B2 destructor2