简单介绍join,outer-join,semi-join,anti-join的区别

表 连接的方式如 join  , semi  - join  ,outer- join  ,anti- join  ；
表连接的实现方式如nested loop,merge,hash.
本文简单的介绍表连接的方式 join  , semi  - join  ,outer- join  ,anti- join  和 适用情景。

假设２个数据源(row source)．
Emp(id pk,ename,deptno) Dept(deptno pk,dname)

如下是 join  
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dname.deptno;
２个数据源键值一一比较，返回相互匹配的记录集
for example: nested loop  join  
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)
End if
end loop
end loop

outer- join  
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno= dept.deptno(+);
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;
２个数据源键值一一比较，返回相互匹配的；但如果在另外一个row source没有找到匹配的也返回记录
for example: nested loop outer- join  
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
find_flag=false;
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)
Find_flag=true
End if
end loop
if ( find_flag == false )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,null)
End if 
end loop
semi  - join  
select dname from dept where exists( select null from emp where emp.deptno=dept.deptno)
多在子查询exists中使用，对外部row source的每个键值，查找到内部row source匹配的第一个键值后就返回，如果找到就不用再查找内部row source其他的键值了。
for example: nested loop  semi  - join  


for x in ( select * from dept )
loop
for y in ( select * from emp)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.dname)
Break;
End if
end loop
end loop

anti- join  
select ename,deptno from emp,dept where emp.deptno!=dept.deptno
多用于!= not in 等查询；如果找到满足条件（!= not in）的不返回，不满足条件（!= not in）的返回。和 join  相 反。
　for example: nested loop anti- join  
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno != y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.dname,y.deptno)
End if
end loop
end loop