首先在类视图中找到要响应的窗口类,然后右键-->属性-->重写中找到PreTranslateMessage,如下图所示:
接着,在PreTranslateMessage()函数中判断键值,并响应事件:
BOOL CSerialPortDlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
//先判断是否是键盘输入消息
if (pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN)
{
int nkeyDown = pMsg->wParam;
SHORT nkeyState = GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL); // ctrl键的状态获取
if (nkeyDown == 83 && nkeyState) // 83是S的ASCII码值,代表键盘S键
OnBnClickedBtSenddata(); // 调相应的按钮事件
if (nkeyDown == 79 && nkeyState) // 79是字母O的ASCII码值
OnBnClickedBtOnoff();
}
return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}
/*==============================================================================================*/
重要API:GetKeyState
/*==============================================================================================*/
对键盘消息的处理有一个重要的API:GetKeyState()
①函数原型:
SHORT GetKeyState(int nVirtKey);
②参数:
nVrtKey:键值。若要求的虚拟键是字母或数字(A~Z,a~z或0~9),nVirtKey必须被置为相应字符的ASCII码值,对于其他的键,nVirtKey必须是一虚拟键码。若使用非英语键盘布局,则取值在ASCIIa~z和0~9的虚拟键被用于定义绝大多数的字符键。例如,对于德语键盘格式,值为ASCII0(OX4F)的虚拟键指的是"0"键,而VK_OEM_1指"带变音的0键"。
③返回值:
返回值给出了给定虚拟键的状态,状态如下:
(a)若高序位为1,则键处于DOWN状态,否则为UP状态。
如:BYTE Caps_Lock = LOBYTE(GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL)); if (Caps_Lock)来判断指示灯亮与灭。
(b)若低序位为1,则键被触发。例如CAPS LOCK键,被找开时将被触发。若低序位置为0,则键被关闭,且不被触发。触发键在键盘上的指示灯,当键被触发时即亮,键不被触发时即灭。
如:BYTE Num_Lock = HIBYTE(GetKeyState(VK_CAPTITAL)); if (Num_Lock)来判断按下和弹起状态。
④使用方法:
(a)判断指示灯亮灭用LOBYTE(GetKeyState());
(b)判断键按下与弹起用HIBYTE(GetKeyState())
⑤说明:
(a)此函数只能在PreTranslateMessage消息中响应,不能在WM_KEYDOWN和WM_CHAR消息中响应。
(b) 指示灯亮灭主要用于NumLock键和CapsLock键。即数字键盘开关和大小写切换。
(c)键按下与弹起可使用与任何键,比如Shift和Ctrl键等。
⑥代码示例:
BOOL CSerialPortDlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
switch ( pMsg->message )
{
case WM_KEYDOWN: // 键按下
if (pMsg->wParam == 'C')
{
if ( !LOBYTE(GetKeyState(20)) ) // 20:CapsLock键
{
if ( HIBYTE(GetKeyState(16)) )
MessageBox("键按下,Caps指示灯灭时同时按住Shift键和C键,输入大写C");
else
MessageBox("键按下,Caps指示灯灭时,按下C键,输入小写c");
}
}
break;
case WM_KEYUP: // 键弹起
if (pMsg->wParam == 'B')
{
if ( LOBYTE(GetKeyState(20)) )
MessageBox("键弹起,输入大写B");
else
MessageBox("键弹起,输入小写b");
}
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: // 鼠标左键按下
if ( LOBYTE(GetKeyState(20)) )
MessageBox("Caps指示灯亮,且鼠标左键按住");
break;
case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: // 鼠标滚轮
MessageBox("鼠标滚轮");
break;
default:
break;
}//switch
}
/*==============================================================================================*/
键值
/*==============================================================================================*/
键盘键值如下图所示:
OK,接下来看看VS键的宏定义:
#ifndef NOVIRTUALKEYCODES
/*
* Virtual Keys, Standard Set
*/
#define VK_LBUTTON 0x01 // 鼠标左键
#define VK_RBUTTON 0x02 // 鼠标右键
#define VK_CANCEL 0x03 // CANCEl键
#define VK_MBUTTON 0x04 /* NOT contiguous with L & RBUTTON */ // 鼠标中键
#if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500)
#define VK_XBUTTON1 0x05 /* NOT contiguous with L & RBUTTON */
#define VK_XBUTTON2 0x06 /* NOT contiguous with L & RBUTTON */
#endif /* _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500 */
/*
* 0x07 : unassigned
*/
#define VK_BACK 0x08 // BackSpace退格键
#define VK_TAB 0x09 // Tab键
/*
* 0x0A - 0x0B : reserved
*/
#define VK_CLEAR 0x0C // Clear键
#define VK_RETURN 0x0D // 回车键(Enter键,非小键盘)
#define VK_SHIFT 0x10 // Shift键
#define VK_CONTROL 0x11 // Ctrl键
#define VK_MENU 0x12 // Menu键
#define VK_PAUSE 0x13 // Pause键
#define VK_CAPITAL 0x14 // CapsLock键
#define VK_KANA 0x15
#define VK_HANGEUL 0x15 /* old name - should be here for compatibility */
#define VK_HANGUL 0x15
#define VK_JUNJA 0x17
#define VK_FINAL 0x18
#define VK_HANJA 0x19
#define VK_KANJI 0x19
#define VK_ESCAPE 0x1B // ESC键
#define VK_CONVERT 0x1C
#define VK_NONCONVERT 0x1D
#define VK_ACCEPT 0x1E
#define VK_MODECHANGE 0x1F
#define VK_SPACE 0x20 // Space键(空格)
#define VK_PRIOR 0x21 // PageUp键(PgUp)
#define VK_NEXT 0x22 // PageDown键(PgDn)
#define VK_END 0x23 // End键
#define VK_HOME 0x24 // Home键
#define VK_LEFT 0x25 // 左方向键 ←
#define VK_UP 0x26 // 上方向键 ↑
#define VK_RIGHT 0x27 // 右方向键 →
#define VK_DOWN 0x28 // 下方向键 ↓
#define VK_SELECT 0x29 // Select键
#define VK_PRINT 0x2A // PrintScreen键(PrtSc)
#define VK_EXECUTE 0x2B // Execute键
#define VK_SNAPSHOT 0x2C // SnapShot键
#define VK_INSERT 0x2D // Insert键
#define VK_DELETE 0x2E // Delete键
#define VK_HELP 0x2F // Help键
/*
* VK_0 - VK_9 are the same as ASCII '0' - '9' (0x30 - 0x39)
* 0x40 : unassigned
* VK_A - VK_Z are the same as ASCII 'A' - 'Z' (0x41 - 0x5A)
*/
#define VK_LWIN 0x5B
#define VK_RWIN 0x5C
#define VK_APPS 0x5D
/*
* 0x5E : reserved
*/
#define VK_SLEEP 0x5F
#define VK_NUMPAD0 0x60 // 数字键盘 0
#define VK_NUMPAD1 0x61 // 数字键盘 1
#define VK_NUMPAD2 0x62 // 数字键盘 2
#define VK_NUMPAD3 0x63 // 数字键盘 3
#define VK_NUMPAD4 0x64 // 数字键盘 4
#define VK_NUMPAD5 0x65 // 数字键盘 5
#define VK_NUMPAD6 0x66 // 数字键盘 6
#define VK_NUMPAD7 0x67 // 数字键盘 7
#define VK_NUMPAD8 0x68 // 数字键盘 8
#define VK_NUMPAD9 0x69 // 数字键盘 9
#define VK_MULTIPLY 0x6A // 数字键盘 *
#define VK_ADD 0x6B // 数字键盘 +
#define VK_SEPARATOR 0x6C // 数字键盘 Enter回车
#define VK_SUBTRACT 0x6D // 数字键盘 -
#define VK_DECIMAL 0x6E // 数字键盘 .
#define VK_DIVIDE 0x6F // 数字键盘 /
#define VK_F1 0x70 // F1
#define VK_F2 0x71 // F2
#define VK_F3 0x72 // F3
#define VK_F4 0x73 // F4
#define VK_F5 0x74 // F5
#define VK_F6 0x75 // F6
#define VK_F7 0x76 // F7
#define VK_F8 0x77 // F8
#define VK_F9 0x78 // F9
#define VK_F10 0x79 // F10
#define VK_F11 0x7A // F11
#define VK_F12 0x7B // F12
#define VK_F13 0x7C // F13
#define VK_F14 0x7D // F14
#define VK_F15 0x7E // F15
#define VK_F16 0x7F // F16
#define VK_F17 0x80 // F17
#define VK_F18 0x81 // F18
#define VK_F19 0x82 // F19
#define VK_F20 0x83 // F20
#define VK_F21 0x84 // F21
#define VK_F22 0x85 // F22
#define VK_F23 0x86 // F23
#define VK_F24 0x87 // F24
/*
* 0x88 - 0x8F : unassigned
*/
#define VK_NUMLOCK 0x90 // NumLock键(NmLk)
#define VK_SCROLL 0x91 // ScrollLock键(ScrLk)
/*
* NEC PC-9800 kbd definitions
*/
#define VK_OEM_NEC_EQUAL 0x92 // '=' key on numpad
/*
* Fujitsu/OASYS kbd definitions
*/
#define VK_OEM_FJ_JISHO 0x92 // 'Dictionary' key
#define VK_OEM_FJ_MASSHOU 0x93 // 'Unregister word' key
#define VK_OEM_FJ_TOUROKU 0x94 // 'Register word' key
#define VK_OEM_FJ_LOYA 0x95 // 'Left OYAYUBI' key
#define VK_OEM_FJ_ROYA 0x96 // 'Right OYAYUBI' key
/*
* 0x97 - 0x9F : unassigned
*/
/*
* VK_L* & VK_R* - left and right Alt, Ctrl and Shift virtual keys.
* Used only as parameters to GetAsyncKeyState() and GetKeyState().
* No other API or message will distinguish left and right keys in this way.
*/
#define VK_LSHIFT 0xA0
#define VK_RSHIFT 0xA1
#define VK_LCONTROL 0xA2
#define VK_RCONTROL 0xA3
#define VK_LMENU 0xA4
#define VK_RMENU 0xA5
#if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500)
#define VK_BROWSER_BACK 0xA6
#define VK_BROWSER_FORWARD 0xA7
#define VK_BROWSER_REFRESH 0xA8
#define VK_BROWSER_STOP 0xA9
#define VK_BROWSER_SEARCH 0xAA
#define VK_BROWSER_FAVORITES 0xAB
#define VK_BROWSER_HOME 0xAC
#define VK_VOLUME_MUTE 0xAD
#define VK_VOLUME_DOWN 0xAE
#define VK_VOLUME_UP 0xAF
#define VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK 0xB0
#define VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK 0xB1
#define VK_MEDIA_STOP 0xB2
#define VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE 0xB3
#define VK_LAUNCH_MAIL 0xB4
#define VK_LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT 0xB5
#define VK_LAUNCH_APP1 0xB6
#define VK_LAUNCH_APP2 0xB7
#endif /* _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500 */
/*
* 0xB8 - 0xB9 : reserved
*/
#define VK_OEM_1 0xBA // ';:' for US
#define VK_OEM_PLUS 0xBB // '+' any country
#define VK_OEM_COMMA 0xBC // ',' any country
#define VK_OEM_MINUS 0xBD // '-' any country
#define VK_OEM_PERIOD 0xBE // '.' any country
#define VK_OEM_2 0xBF // '/?' for US
#define VK_OEM_3 0xC0 // '`~' for US
/*
* 0xC1 - 0xD7 : reserved
*/
/*
* 0xD8 - 0xDA : unassigned
*/
#define VK_OEM_4 0xDB // '[{' for US
#define VK_OEM_5 0xDC // '\|' for US
#define VK_OEM_6 0xDD // ']}' for US
#define VK_OEM_7 0xDE // ''"' for US
#define VK_OEM_8 0xDF
/*
* 0xE0 : reserved
*/
/*
* Various extended or enhanced keyboards
*/
#define VK_OEM_AX 0xE1 // 'AX' key on Japanese AX kbd
#define VK_OEM_102 0xE2 // "<>" or "\|" on RT 102-key kbd.
#define VK_ICO_HELP 0xE3 // Help key on ICO
#define VK_ICO_00 0xE4 // 00 key on ICO
#if(WINVER >= 0x0400)
#define VK_PROCESSKEY 0xE5
#endif /* WINVER >= 0x0400 */
#define VK_ICO_CLEAR 0xE6
#if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500)
#define VK_PACKET 0xE7
#endif /* _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500 */
/*
* 0xE8 : unassigned
*/
/*
* Nokia/Ericsson definitions
*/
#define VK_OEM_RESET 0xE9
#define VK_OEM_JUMP 0xEA
#define VK_OEM_PA1 0xEB
#define VK_OEM_PA2 0xEC
#define VK_OEM_PA3 0xED
#define VK_OEM_WSCTRL 0xEE
#define VK_OEM_CUSEL 0xEF
#define VK_OEM_ATTN 0xF0
#define VK_OEM_FINISH 0xF1
#define VK_OEM_COPY 0xF2
#define VK_OEM_AUTO 0xF3
#define VK_OEM_ENLW 0xF4
#define VK_OEM_BACKTAB 0xF5
#define VK_ATTN 0xF6
#define VK_CRSEL 0xF7
#define VK_EXSEL 0xF8
#define VK_EREOF 0xF9
#define VK_PLAY 0xFA
#define VK_ZOOM 0xFB
#define VK_NONAME 0xFC
#define VK_PA1 0xFD
#define VK_OEM_CLEAR 0xFE
/*
* 0xFF : reserved
*/
#endif /* !NOVIRTUALKEYCODES */
另外呢,主键盘区域(非小键盘)的A-Z字母与0-9键值与相应字母和数字的ASCII码相同。
描述 | ANSII码值 |
A | 65 |
B | 66 |
C | 67 |
D | 68 |
E | 69 |
F | 70 |
G | 71 |
H | 72 |
I | 73 |
J | 74 |
K | 75 |
L | 76 |
M | 77 |
N | 78 |
O | 79 |
P | 80 |
Q | 81 |
R | 82 |
S | 83 |
T | 84 |
U | 85 |
V | 86 |
W | 87 |
X | 88 |
Y | 89 |
Z | 90 |
0 | 48 |
1 | 49 |
2 | 50 |
3 | 51 |
4 | 52 |
5 | 53 |
6 | 54 |
7 | 55 |
8 | 56 |
9 | 57 |