1. 多进程并发处理–fork
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
void perr_exit(const char *);
int Accept(int, struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *);
void Bind(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
void Connect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
void Listen(int, int);
int Socket(int, int, int);
ssize_t Read(int, void *, size_t);
ssize_t Write(int, const void *, size_t);
void Close(int);
ssize_t Readn(int, void *, size_t);
ssize_t Writen(int, const void *, size_t);
static ssize_t my_read(int, char *);
ssize_t Readline(int, void *, size_t);
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
void perr_exit(const char *s){
perror(s);
exit(1);
}
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr){
int n;
again:
if ( (n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) {
if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))
goto again;
else
perr_exit("accept error");
}
return n;
}
void Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen){
if (bind(fd, sa, salen) < 0)
perr_exit("bind error");
}
void Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen){
if (connect(fd, sa, salen) < 0)
perr_exit("connect error");
}
void Listen(int fd, int backlog){
if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0)
perr_exit("listen error");
}
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol){
int n;
if ((n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)
perr_exit("socket error");
return n;
}
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes){
ssize_t n;
again:
if ((n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes){
ssize_t n;
again:
if ((n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
void Close(int fd){
if (close(fd) == -1)
perr_exit("close error");
}
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n){
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nread;
char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ((nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
nread = 0;
else
return -1;
}
else if (nread == 0)
break;
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return n - nleft;
}
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n){
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwritten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ((nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) <= 0) {
if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwritten = 0;
else
return -1;
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return n;
}
static ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr){
static int read_cnt;
static char *read_ptr;
char read_buf[100];
if (read_cnt <= 0) {
again:
if ((read_cnt = read(fd, read_buf,sizeof(read_buf))) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
return -1;
}
else if (read_cnt == 0)
return 0;
read_ptr = read_buf;
}
read_cnt--;
*ptr = *read_ptr++;
return 1;
}
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen){
ssize_t n, rc;
char c, *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) {
if ( (rc = my_read(fd, &c)) == 1) {
*ptr++ = c;
if (c == '\n')
break;
}
else if (rc == 0) {
*ptr = 0;
return n - 1;
}
else
return -1;
}
*ptr = 0;
return n;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(void){
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd, connfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, n;
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
Listen(listenfd, 20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1) {
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&cliaddr_len);
n = fork();
if (n == -1){
perror("call to fork");
exit(1);
}
else if (n == 0){
close(listenfd);
while (1){
n = Read(connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0) {
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
printf("received from %d at PORT %d\n",inet_ntop(AF_INET,&cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
Write(connfd, buf, n);
}
Close(connfd);
exit(0);
}
else
Close(connfd);
}
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd, n;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0)
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
else
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
Close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
gcc server_ie.c wrap.c -o server_ie
gcc client_ie.c wrap.c -o client_ie
./server_ie
./client_ie
2. 系统调用–select
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char **argv){
int i, maxi, maxfd, listenfd, connfd, sockfd;
int nready, client[FD_SETSIZE];
ssize_t n;
fd_set rset, allset;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
Listen(listenfd, 20);
maxfd = listenfd;
maxi = -1;
for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
client[i] = -1;
FD_ZERO(&allset);
FD_SET(listenfd, &allset);
for ( ; ; ) {
rset = allset;
nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (nready < 0)
perr_exit("select error");
if (FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset)) {
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
printf("received from %d at PORT %d\n",inet_ntop(AF_INET,&cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
if (client[i] < 0) {
client[i] = connfd;
break;
}
if (i == FD_SETSIZE) {
fputs("too many clients\n",stderr);
exit(1);
}
FD_SET(connfd, &allset);
if (connfd > maxfd)
maxfd = connfd;
if (i > maxi)
maxi = i;
if (--nready == 0)
continue;
}
for (i = 0; i <= maxi; i++) {
if ((sockfd = client[i]) < 0)
continue;
if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)) {
if ((n = Read(sockfd, buf,MAXLINE)) == 0) {
Close(sockfd);
FD_CLR(sockfd, &allset);
client[i] = -1;
}
else {
int j;
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
Write(sockfd, buf, n);
}
if (--nready == 0)
break;
}
}
}
}