synchronized同步方法

2.3. synchronized同步方法

2.3.1. synchronized方法的锁对象

1）先持有先运行
Synchronized取得的锁都是对象锁，而不是把一段代码/方法作为锁，因此在多线程中，哪个线程先执行带有synchronized关键字修饰的方法，哪个方法就持有该方法所属对象的锁，其他线程只能呈等待状态。但是，前提是：多个线程访问的是同一个对象，如果多个线程访问的不是同一个对象，JVM则会创建出多个对象锁。
样例代码：

public class MultiObjectLock {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService1 = new MultiObjectLockService();
        Thread threadA = new MultiObjectLockThreadA(multiObjectService1);   // threadA线程操作multiObjectService1中的synchronized锁
        threadA.start();
        MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService2 = new MultiObjectLockService();
        Thread threadB = new MultiObjectLockThreadB(multiObjectService2);  // threadB线程操作multiObjectService2中的synchronized锁
        threadB.start();
    }
}

class MultiObjectLockService{
   
    private int num = 0;          // 作为成员变量
    synchronized public void add(String name){
   
        if("A".equals(name)){
   
            num = 1;
            System.out.println("A set over");
            try {
   
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }catch(InterruptedException e){
   
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if("B".equals(name)) {
   
            num = 2;
            System.out.println("B set over");
            try {
   
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }catch(InterruptedException e){
   
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("名称为" + name + "的num值为" + num);
    }
}


class MultiObjectLockThreadA extends Thread{
   
    private MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService;

    public MultiObjectLockThreadA(MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService){
   
        this.multiObjectService = multiObjectService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
   
        this.multiObjectService.add("A");
    }
}


class MultiObjectLockThreadB extends Thread{
   
    private MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService;

    public MultiObjectLockThreadB(MultiObjectLockService multiObjectService){
   
        this.multiObjectService = multiObjectService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
   
        this.multiObjectService.add("B");
    }
}

2）synchronized方法的锁对象同一
在多线程中，如果多个线程访问的是同一对象，如果一个线程调用了该对象中的某个synchronized关键字修饰的方法，其他线程则不能调用该对象中其他的synchronized关键字修饰的方法，其他线程将进入等待状态，但是其他线程可以调用非synchronized关键字修饰的方法。这是因为synchronized锁定的是整个对象，而多个线程访问的是同一对象。
样例程序：

public class SynchronizedLockEntireObject {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService();
        Thread threadA = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadA(synchronizedLockEntireObjectService);
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadB(synchronizedLockEntireObjectService);
        threadB.start();
    }
}


class SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService{
   
    synchronized public void print1(){
   
        System.out.println("开始运行print1，当前线程名为" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try{
   
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("print1结束");
        }catch(InterruptedException e){
   
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    synchronized public void print2(){
   
        System.out.println("开始运行print2，当前线程名为" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try{
   
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("print2结束");
        }catch(InterruptedException e){
   
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadA extends Thread{
   
    private SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService;

    public SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadA(SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService){
   
        this.synchronizedLockEntireObjectService = synchronizedLockEntireObjectService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
   
        this.synchronizedLockEntireObjectService.print1();
    }
}


class SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadB extends Thread{
   
    private SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService;

    public SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadB(SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService){
   
        this.synchronizedLockEntireObjectService = synchronizedLockEntireObjectService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){
   
        this.synchronizedLockEntireObjectService.print2();
    }
}

2.3.2. synchronized同步方法的特性

2.3.2.1. 锁是互斥的

1）功能介绍
synchronized锁是一个互斥锁，不仅读写互斥并且读读也互斥，最多只有一个线程能够获得该锁，当线程A尝试去获得线程B持有的内置锁时，线程A必须等待或者阻塞，直到线程B释放这个锁。

public class SynchronizedLockEntireObject {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService synchronizedLockEntireObjectService = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectService();
        Thread threadA = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadA(synchronizedLockEntireObjectService);
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new SynchronizedLockEntireObjectThreadB(synchronizedLockEntireObjectService);
        threadB.start();</