python2 + django1.11 + uwsgi + nginx 部署

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 16:59:11 发布

i0208

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 16:59:11 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Waller_/article/details/107557240

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python2.7 + django1.11

1.基础环境准备

1.1配置virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper

pip install virtualenv
pip install virtualenvwrapper
#如果执行失败，先升级pip ,setuptools
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade setuptools

可以超级权限或者普通权限安装，存储的目录不一致，超级权限/usr/local/，普通权限 ~/.local/。

设置环境变量：追加以下内容到~/.bashrc中：指令:vim /.bashrc

if [ -f /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
    export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
    source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
fi
if [ -f $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
    export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
    export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin/
    source $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
fi
if [ -f /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
    export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
    source /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
fi

执行指令: source ~/.bashrc

1.2 使用virtualenvwrapper

创建虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv venv

进入虚拟环境

workon venv

退出虚拟环境

deactivate

删除虚拟环境（慎用）

rmvirtualenv venv

1.3 进入虚拟环境后在虚拟环境pip安装项目需要的相关模块

pip install django==1.11.28
pip install MySQL-python

说明: 根据自己的项目所涉及到的模块进行安装, MySQL-python 模块安装问题连接

2.拉项目

2.1 获取项目

在linux的home下创建项目文件夹 : 指令 mkdir online

进入online :指令 cd online

Xshell下快捷键: Ctrl + Alt + F 会打开 Xftp, 将压缩好的项目tar包传输到 /home/online/ 下

解压tar包 :指令 tar xvf tar包名 #解压到当前所在目录下

2.2 项目配置修改

进入django项目内,找到配置文件settings.py修改数据库,等相关配置 : 指令 vim settings.py

2.3 数据库配置

先创建项目需要的库

在django项目目录内执行:

python manage.py migrate

如果修改了model相关内容后，需要先执行：

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

通过以下命令可以创建管理员，并且可以在管理员界面登录进去：

python manage.py createsuperuser

3.uwsgi配置

3.1 查看wsgi.py的配置

首先需要项目在配置时添加了wsgi的配置：

online_api/settings.py里要有：
WSGI_APPLICATION='online_api.wsgi.application'

# 正常django的settings.py中都会有,且自动生成的,看一眼就行

确认项目下存在online_api/wsgi.py：
"""
WSGI config for klbp project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "online_api.settings")

application = get_wsgi_application()

3.2 安装uwsgi

pip install uwsgi
#可以不需要在python的小环境里执行，在最外部执行

在项目目录的同级目录创建uwsgi_script【名字可以自己起，叫什么无所谓】,再创建三个文件，如下所示：

mkdir  uwsgi_script
touch  uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini
touch  uwsgi_script/uwsgi.log
touch  uwsgi_script/uwsgi.pid

自此,项目目录结构:


├── home/
    ├── iscas-ztb/                
        ├── online/             
            ├── uwsgi_script/
                ├── uwsgi.ini  
                ├── uwsgi.log
                └──  uwsgi.pid
            └── online_api
                ├── app01/
                ├── static/
                ├── templates/
                ├── manage.py
                └── online_api/                                
                    ├── settings.py
                    ├── wsgi.py
                    └── urls.py

uwsgi.log,uwsgi.pid这两个文件为空，uwsgi.ini按照以下进行配置(这里面的路径要根据自己的项目路径找对)：

[uwsgi]
master=true
buffer-size=655360
post-buffering=4096

#最大工作线程数量
processes=100

#socket这个是用于与Nginx进行数据交互的端口
socket=服务IP:33366

#不记录request日志，只记录错误日志
disable-logging=true

#指定static文件，static-map = /static=是固定格式
static-map = /static=/home/iscas-ztb/online/online_api/static

#django项目的路径
chdir=/home/iscas-ztb/online/online_api

#对外提供的http服务端口
http=服务器IP:8000

#项目运行的所在环境，这里要填上虚拟环境的目录地址
home=/home/iscas-ztb/.virtualenvs/venv/
module=online_api.wsgi
vacuum=true
uid=root
gid=root
master=true
enable-threads=true
socket=/home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_nginx.sock
chmod-socket=666
pidfile=/home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.pid
daemonize=/home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.log

添加system服务，可以使用服务启动，默认启动添加/etc/init.d/uwsgi_online文件,记得添加可执行权限 : 指令 sudo vim /etc/init.d/uwsgi_online

这里注意 Centos 与 Ubuntu 区别:

Ubuntu 如下配置:

#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -n "$1" ];then
    echo "Usage: sh uwsgi_online.sh [start|stop|restart]"
    exit 0
fi

if [ "$1" = "start" ];then
    psid=`ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l`
    if [[ $psid -gt 4 ]];then
        echo "online uwsgi is running!"
        exit 0
    else
        /usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini
        echo "Start online uwsgi service [OK]"
    fi
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ];then
    ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
    echo "Stop online uwsgi service [OK]"
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ];then
    ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
    /usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini
    echo "Restart online uwsgi service [OK]"
else
    echo "Usage: sh uwsgi_online.sh [start|stop|restart]"
fi

运行服务:

systemctl start uwsgi_online #启动服务
systemctl stop uwsgi_online #停止服务
systemctl restart uwsgi_online #重启
systemctl enable uwsgi_online #开机默认启动

使用浏览器访问服务器IP:8000 就可以访问到平台。

Centos 如下配置:

#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -n "$1" ];then
    echo "Usage: sh uwsgi_online.sh [start|stop|restart]"
    exit 0
fi

if [ "$1" = "start" ];then
    psid=`ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l`
    if [[ $psid -gt 4 ]];then
        echo "online uwsgi is running!"
        exit 0
    else
        /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini
        echo "Start online uwsgi service [OK]"
    fi
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ];then
    ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
    echo "Stop online uwsgi service [OK]"
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ];then
    ps aux | grep "uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
    /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/iscas-ztb/online/uwsgi_script/uwsgi.ini
    echo "Restart online uwsgi service [OK]"
else
    echo "Usage: sh uwsgi_online.sh [start|stop|restart]"
fi

添加/usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi-online.service文件

[Unit]
Description=uwsgi-online
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/uwsgi_online start
ExecReload=/etc/init.d/uwsgi_onlie restart
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/uwsgi_online stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

运行服务:

systemctl start uwsgi-online.service #启动服务
systemctl stop uwsgi-online.service #停止服务
systemctl restart uwsgi-online.service #重启
systemctl enable uwsgi-online.service #开机默认启动

使用浏览器访问服务器IP:8000 就可以访问到平台。

4.nginx 配置

4.1 安装nginx

centos:
yum install nginx
#可以不需要在python的小环境里执行，在最外部执行

ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install nginx

4.2 修改&新增配置文件

Ubuntu:

修改系统默认的nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#user www-data;
user root;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
        worker_connections 768;
        # multi_accept on;
}

http {

        ##
        # Basic Settings
        ##

        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;

        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;

        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        ##
        # SSL Settings
        ##

        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        ##
        # Logging Settings
        ##

        # gzip_vary on;
        # gzip_proxied any;
        # gzip_comp_level 6;
        # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        # gzip_http_version 1.1;
        # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs
        ##
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/online.conf;  # !!!!!!!
        #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        #include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#       # See sample authentication script at:
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:110;
#               protocol   pop3;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:143;
#               protocol   imap;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#}

新增以下文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/online.conf 注意执行权限

server {
        listen      80;
        server_name 服务器IP; #如果有域名这里写域名
        charset     utf-8;

        access_log  /home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx/access.log;
        error_log   /home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx/error.log;
        #这里需要创建/home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx

        location    /static {
                alias       /home/iscas-ztb/online/online_api/static;
        }

        #location / {
        #    root /home/klbp/klbp/klbpfront/dist;
        #    index index.html;
        #}

        location / {
                include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass 192.168.160.184:33366;
                uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
        }
}

Centos:

修改系统默认的nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user nginx; 改成  user root;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 确保此行是打开的
server{}部分全部注释掉

新增以下文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/online.conf 注意执行权限

upstream klbp {
    server 服务器IP:33366; #这里要和uwsgi的socket地址一样
}

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name 服务器IP; #如果有域名这里写域名
    charset     utf-8;

    access_log  /home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx/access.log;
    error_log   /home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx/error.log;
    #这里需要创建/home/iscas-ztb/online/logs/nginx

    location    /static {
        alias       /home/iscas-ztb/online/online_api/static;
    }

    #location / {
    #    root iscas-ztb/online/online_api/static;
    #    index index.html;
    #}

    location / {
        include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass online;
        uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
    }
}

4.3 uwsgi 去除http 参数

就是去除uwsgi.ini的http内容就是注释掉 : #http=服务器IP:8000

4.4 合并static

python manage.py collectstatic

4.5 启动服务

Ubuntu:

systemctl start uwsgi_online
systemctl start nginx

Centos:

systemctl start uwsgi-online.service
nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  或 nginx 或 systemctl start nginx

补充:

systemctl status nginx  #查看nginx
systemctl stop nginx 或 nginx -s stop  # 停止nginx
systemctl start nginx  # 启动nginx

Gunicorn-Django部署

https://www.cnblogs.com/quqinchao/p/11297224.html

i0208

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python2 + django1.11 + uwsgi + nginx 部署

python2.7 + django1.111.基础环境准备1.1配置virtualenv和virtualenvwrapperpip install virtualenvpip install virtualenvwrapper#如果执行失败，先升级pip ,setuptoolspip install --upgrade pippip install --upgrade setuptools若有问题可以超级权限或者普通权限安装，存储的目录不一致，超级权限/usr/local/.
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