《重构改善既有代码的设计(第2版)》读书笔记

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已于 2024-04-06 14:57:12 修改

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分类专栏：读书笔记文章标签：重构

于 2024-04-06 14:55:25 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/WangNachuan/article/details/137212680

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一、基本信息

中文名：《重构改善既有代码的设计(第2版)》

英文名：《Refactoring improving the design of existing code》

作者：Martin Fowler 作者网站链接：https://martinfowler.com/

译者：熊节林从⽻

二、电子书链接

https://gausszhou.github.io/refactoring2-zh/
https://book-refactoring2.ifmicro.com/

三、书籍结构

本书的重点包含两部分：(1)识别代码中的“坏味道”；(2)重构手法

第一章通过剧院售票结算程序来展示代码如何进行重构
第二章介绍重构的原则
第三章比较出名，介绍了24中代码的坏味道
第四章介绍构建测试体系
第五章介绍重构名录
第六到十二章介绍了61种重构手法

四、第一章简要笔记

1. 示例程序

剧院售票结算程序；基本逻辑如下：

剧名	类型
《哈姆雷特》	悲剧
《皆⼤欢喜》	喜剧
《奥塞罗》	悲剧

	票价计算⽅式：观众数量x	积分计算⽅式：
悲剧	x <= 30: 40000 x > 30: 40000 + 1000 * (x - 30)	max(x - 30, 0)
喜剧	x <= 20: 30000 + 300 * x x > 20: 30000 + 300 * x + 10000 + 50 * (x - 20)	max(x - 30, 0) + floor(x / 5)

计算并打印输出票价和积分

function statement(invoice, plays) {
      let totalAmount = 0
      let volumeCredits = 0
      let result = `Statement for ${invoice.customer}\n`
      const format = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-us",
        {
          style: "currency",
          currency: "USD",
          minimumFractionDigits: 2
        }).format

      for (let perf of invoice.performances) {
        const play = plays[perf.playID]
        let thisAmount = 0

        switch (play.type) {
          case "tragedy":
            thisAmount = 40000;
            if (perf.audience > 30) {
              thisAmount += 1000 * (perf.audience - 30)
            }
            break
          case "comedy":
            thisAmount = 30000;
            if (perf.audience > 20) {
              thisAmount += 10000 + 500 * (perf.audience - 20)
            }
            thisAmount += 300 * perf.audience
            break
          default:
            throw new Error(`unknown type: ${play.type}`)
        }

        volumeCredits += Math.max(perf.audience - 30, 0)
        if ("comedy" === play.type)
          volumeCredits += Math.floor(perf.audience / 5)

        result += ` ${play.name}, ${format(thisAmount / 100)} (${perf.audience} seats) \n`

        totalAmount += thisAmount
      }

      result += `Amount owed is ${format(totalAmount / 100)} \n`
      result += `You earned ${volumeCredits} credits\n`
      return result
    }

输入参数：

    let plays = {
      "hamlet": {
        "name": "Hamlet",
        "type": "tragedy"
      },
      "as-like": {
        "name": "As You Like It",
        "type": "comedy"
      },
      "othello": {
        "name": "Othello",
        "type": "tragedy"
      }
    }
    let invoices = [
      {
        "customer": "BigCo",
        "performances": [
          {
            "playID": "hamlet",
            "audience": 55
          },
          {
            "playID": "as-like",
            "audience": 35
          },
          {
            "playID": "othello",
            "audience": 40
          }
        ]
      }
    ]

    let result = statement(invoices[0], plays)

输出结果：

Statement for BigCo
  Hamlet: $650.00 (55 seats)
  As You Like It: $580.00 (35 seats)
  Othello: $500.00 (40 seats)
Amount owed is $1,730.00
You earned 47 credits

从数据结果看：已满足程序要求

若增加两项需求：

以HTML格式输出结果
再增加多种戏剧类型

当前的程序便无法满足新的需求，因此需要对代码进行重构。

需求的变化使重构变得必要。如果⼀段代码能正常⼯作，并且不会再被修改，那么完全可以不去重构它

如果你要给程序添加⼀个特性，但发现代码因缺乏良好的结构⽽不易于进⾏更改，那就先重

构那个程序，使其⽐较容易添加该特性，然后再添加该特性。

2. 重构步骤

第一步：保证修改的代码拥有⼀组可靠的测试，这些测试必须有⾃我检验能⼒；

第二步：发现代码中⼀段⼩的“坏味道”，采用对应重构⼿法进⾏重构；

举例：中间switch, 可以采用提炼函数将其提炼出来

function statement (invoice, plays) {
  let totalAmount = 0;
  let volumeCredits = 0;
  let result = `Statement for ${invoice.customer}\n`;
  const format = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US",
                        { style: "currency", currency: "USD",
                          minimumFractionDigits: 2 }).format;
  for (let perf of invoice.performances) {
    const play = plays[perf.playID];
    let thisAmount = 0;

    switch (play.type) {
    case "tragedy":
      thisAmount = 40000;
      if (perf.audience > 30) {
        thisAmount += 1000 * (perf.audience - 30);
      }
      break;
    case "comedy":
      thisAmount = 30000;
      if (perf.audience > 20) {
        thisAmount += 10000 + 500 * (perf.audience - 20);
      }
      thisAmount += 300 * perf.audience;
      break;
    default:
        throw new Error(`unknown type: ${play.type}`);
    }

    // add volume credits
    volumeCredits += Math.max(perf.audience - 30, 0);
    // add extra credit for every ten comedy attendees
    if ("comedy" === play.type) volumeCredits += Math.floor(perf.audience / 5);

    // print line for this order
    result += ` ${play.name}: ${format(thisAmount/100)} (${perf.audience} seats)\n`;
    totalAmount += thisAmount;
  }
  result += `Amount owed is ${format(totalAmount/100)}\n`;
  result += `You earned ${volumeCredits} credits\n`;
  return result;
}

第三步：编译并执⾏测试