队列

定义

队列是一种特殊的线性表，特殊之处在于它只允许在表的前端（front）进行删除操作，而在表的后端（rear）进行插入操作，和栈一样，队列是一种操作受限制的线性表。进行插入操作的端称为队尾，进行删除操作的端称为队头。

leetcode

239.Sliding Window Maximum（滑动窗口最大值)
class Solution:
    def maxSlidingWindow(self, nums, k):
        ans = []
        from collections import deque
        queue = deque()
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            while queue and queue[0] < i - k + 1:
                queue.popleft()
            while queue and nums[i] > nums[queue[-1]]:
                queue.pop()
            queue.append(i)
            if i >= k - 1:
                ans.append(nums[queue[0]])
        return ans


if __name__ == "__main__":
    s = Solution()
    nums, k = [1, 3, -1, -3, 5, 3, 6, 7], 3
    print(s.maxSlidingWindow(nums, k))

from collections import deque

641.Design Circular Deque（设计一个双端队列)
class MyCircularDeque(object):

    def __init__(self, k):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the deque to be k.
        :type k: int
        """
        self.queue = []
        self.size = k
        self.front = 0
        self.rear = 0

    def insertFront(self, value):
        """
        Adds an item at the front of Deque. Return true if the operation is successful.
        :type value: int
        :rtype: bool
        """
        if not self.isFull():
            self.queue.insert(0, value)
            self.rear += 1
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def insertLast(self, value):
        """
        Adds an item at the rear of Deque. Return true if the operation is successful.
        :type value: int
        :rtype: bool
        """
        if not self.isFull():
            self.queue.append(value)
            self.rear += 1
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def deleteFront(self):
        """
        Deletes an item from the front of Deque. Return true if the operation is successful.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        if not self.isEmpty():
            self.queue.pop(0)
            self.rear -= 1
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def deleteLast(self):
        """
        Deletes an item from the rear of Deque. Return true if the operation is successful.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        if not self.isEmpty():
            self.queue.pop()
            self.rear -= 1
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def getFront(self):
        """
        Get the front item from the deque.
        :rtype: int
        """
        if self.isEmpty():
            return -1
        else:
            return self.queue[self.front]

    def getRear(self):
        """
        Get the last item from the deque.
        :rtype: int
        """
        if self.isEmpty():
            return -1
        else:
            return self.queue[self.rear - 1]

    def isEmpty(self):
        """
        Checks whether the circular deque is empty or not.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.front == self.rear

    def isFull(self):
        """
        Checks whether the circular deque is full or not.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.rear - self.front == self.size


# Your MyCircularDeque object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MyCircularDeque(k)
# param_1 = obj.insertFront(value)
# param_2 = obj.insertLast(value)
# param_3 = obj.deleteFront()
# param_4 = obj.deleteLast()
# param_5 = obj.getFront()
# param_6 = obj.getRear()
# param_7 = obj.isEmpty()
# param_8 = obj.isFull()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    k = 6
    value = 6
    obj = MyCircularDeque(k)
    param_1 = obj.insertFront(value)
    param_2 = obj.insertLast(value)
    param_3 = obj.deleteFront()
    param_4 = obj.deleteLast()
    param_5 = obj.getFront()
    param_6 = obj.getRear()
    param_7 = obj.isEmpty()
    param_8 = obj.isFull()