题解:String to Integer (atoi)

自己来编写一个atoi函数，但是要考虑一些细节，先列出问题：

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

通过思考几次fail我得出的需要注意的点有：

1. 字符串之前可能有空格

2. 注意‘+’ 和 ‘-’ 符号对数的影响

3. 如果遇到了非数字的字符，则指转变该字符前的数字字符

4. 防止越界溢出

贴出代码：

int myAtoi(string str) {
    int i = 0, flag = 1, count = 0;
    while (str[i] == ' ')
	i++;
    if (str[i] == '-' || str[i] == '+') {
        if (str[i] == '-')
        flag = -1;
        if (str[i] == '+')
        flag = 1;
        i++;
    }
    while (str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9') {
        if (count >  INT_MAX / 10 || (count == INT_MAX / 10 && str[i] - '0' > 7)) {
            if (flag == 1) return INT_MAX;
            else return INT_MIN;
        }
        count  = 10 * count + (str[i] - '0');
        i++;
    }
    return flag * count;
}