kobject,kset的结构分析

kobject 是设备对象

kobject是将整个设备模型连接在一起的基础，类型如下：

struct kobject {
	const char		*name;
	struct list_head	entry;
	struct kobject		*parent;
	struct kset		*kset;
	struct kobj_type	*ktype;
	struct sysfs_dirent	*sd;
	struct kref		kref;
	unsigned int state_initialized:1;
	unsigned int state_in_sysfs:1;
	unsigned int state_add_uevent_sent:1;
	unsigned int state_remove_uevent_sent:1;
	unsigned int uevent_suppress:1;
};

uevent是对应于kobject的状态变化广播的事件通知(通常用户态去接受并处理)，类型如下：

enum kobject_action {
	KOBJ_ADD,
	KOBJ_REMOVE,
	KOBJ_CHANGE,
	KOBJ_MOVE,
	KOBJ_ONLINE,
	KOBJ_OFFLINE,
	KOBJ_MAX
};

以下所有的分支，都是以kobject结构的成员顺序进行。

name: kobject的名称，也是sysfs的目录名。  

state_initialized:初始化标志位。state_in_sysfs:表示kobject对象在sysfs中的状态，在对应目录被创建则置1；state_add_uevent_sent:事件发送标志，添加设备时会向用户空间发送uevent事件，请求新增设备。state_remove_uevent_sent:删除设备的uevent事件是否发送标志，删除设备时会向用户空间发送uevent事件，请求卸载设备。suppress

struct list_head {
	struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

用于组成最基本的双向循环链表。但是没有数据，在结构体中是如何寻找成员的，这就用到了偏移。如下，在结构体中“.”和"->"的作用就是查找偏移地址，即ptr - &((type * 0) -> member)。这个链表体现的是分层思想，所有的相关结构体以它为基准相连，再根据具体功能进行划分，分层。

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER) 

#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({          \                      
     const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);    \
     (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})

 应用举例：

#define to_bus_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct bus_attribute, attr)

 即该函数可以通过一个结构体变量中的一个成员的地址找到这个结构体变量的首地址。因为ptr是传进去的指针，减去了偏移就是首地址了。作用：使得不同数据结构可以挂在同一链表上。

struct kset {
	struct list_head list;
	spinlock_t list_lock;
	struct kobject kobj;
	const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops;
};

 kset是kobject的上层结构，是一组kobject的集合，其中的kobject可以是相同ktype类型的也可以是不同的ktype类型。

当你看到一个sysfs目录中充满了其他目录时，通常这些目录中的每一个都对应于同一kset中的一个kobject。其中也有list_head。又嵌入了kobject的结构，最后是kset的uevent操作。kset也是sysfs中的一个子目录，其中可以显示与kset关联的kobjects。每个kset包含一个kobject，可以将其设置为其他kobject的父对象;sysfs层次结构的顶级目录就是这样构造的。kset可以支持kobjects的“热插拔”，并影响uevent事件如何报告给用户空间。

在面向对象术语中，“kset”是顶级容器类;kset包含它们自己的kobject，但是kobject是由kset代码管理的，不应该被任何其他用户操作。kset将其子节点保存在标准的内核链表中。Kobjects通过它们的kset字段指向它们包含的kset。在几乎所有的情况下，属于kset的kobjects在它们的父对象中都有那个kset(或者，严格地说，它的嵌入式kobiect)。

struct kset *kset_create_and_add(const char *name,
                   struct kset_uevent_ops *u,
                   struct kobject *parent);

/*
348 If a kset wishes to control the uevent operations of the kobjects
349 associated with it, it can use the struct kset_uevent_ops to handle it:
350
*/ 
struct kset_uevent_ops {
        int (*filter)(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj);
        const char *(*name)(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj);
        int (*uevent)(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj,
                      struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
};


//uevent 接口
int kobject_uevent(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action);

//可以传递额外的环境变量
//额外”的意思是说，即使envp_ext为NULL，也会传递基本
//的”ACTION=%s”、”DEVPATH=%s”、”SUBSYSTEM=%s”、”SEQNUM=%llu”

int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action, char *envp[]);

 filter函数允许一个kset来防止一个uevent被发送到一个特定kobject的用户空间。如果函数返回0，则不会发出uevent,uevent就不会被嵌入。

将调用name函数来覆盖uevent发送给用户空间的kset的默认名称。默认情况下，名称将与kset本身相同，但是如果存在此函数，则可以覆盖该名称。

uevent事件将要发送到用户空间时，将调用uevent函数，以便将更多的环境变量添加到uevent中。

如果属于kset的kobject没有父kobject，那么它将被添加到kset的目录中。并不是kset的所有成员都必须位于kset目录中。如果在添加kobject之前分配了一个显式的父kobject，则kobject在kset中注册，但是添加到父kobject之下。

有人可能会问，既然没有提供执行kset的函数，那么如何将kobject添加到kset中。答案是这个任务是由kobject_add()处理的。当一个kobject被传递给kobject_add()时，它的kset成员应该指向kobject所属的kset。kobject_add()将处理其余部分。

 

struct kobj_type {
	void (*release)(struct kobject *kobj);
	const struct sysfs_ops *sysfs_ops;
	struct attribute **default_attrs;
	const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *(*child_ns_type)(struct kobject *kobj);
	const void *(*namespace)(struct kobject *kobj);
};

struct attribute {
	const char		*name;
	umode_t			mode;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	struct lock_class_key	*key;
	struct lock_class_key	skey;
#endif
};

struct kobj_ns_type_operations {
	enum kobj_ns_type type;
	void *(*grab_current_ns)(void);
	const void *(*netlink_ns)(struct sock *sk);
	const void *(*initial_ns)(void);
	void (*drop_ns)(void *);
};

release函数指针，作用：释放kobject； 

第二个成员是sys文件系统属性操作方法，可想而知是各种回调。我们在使用cat echo等工具(read()/write()系统调用)进行读写sysfs中相应驱动的属性时，其实就是回调驱动的show()和store()。

struct sysfs_ops {
	ssize_t	(*show)(struct kobject *, struct attribute *,char *);
	ssize_t	(*store)(struct kobject *,struct attribute *,const char *, size_t);
	const void *(*namespace)(struct kobject *, const struct attribute *);
};

static ssize_t kobj_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
			      char *buf)
{
	struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
	if (kattr->show)
		ret = kattr->show(kobj, kattr, buf);
	return ret;
}

static ssize_t kobj_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
			       const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
	if (kattr->store)
		ret = kattr->store(kobj, kattr, buf, count);
	return ret;
}

const struct sysfs_ops kobj_sysfs_ops = {
	.show	= kobj_attr_show,
	.store	= kobj_attr_store,
};



//对同一类型的kobject操作会回调同一个kobj_type的方法
static inline struct kobj_type *get_ktype(struct kobject *kobj)            
{
    return kobj->ktype;
}

static int populate_dir(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct kobj_type *t = get_ktype(kobj);
	struct attribute *attr;
	int error = 0;
	int i;

	if (t && t->default_attrs) {
		for (i = 0; (attr = t->default_attrs[i]) != NULL; i++) {
			error = sysfs_create_file(kobj, attr);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
	}
	return error;
}

static int create_dir(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	int error = 0;
	if (kobject_name(kobj)) {
		error = sysfs_create_dir(kobj);
		if (!error) {
			error = populate_dir(kobj);
			if (error)
				sysfs_remove_dir(kobj);
		}
	}
	return error;
}

第三个成员是属性，二级指针。

后面的两个成员都扩展，要连接具体设备的时候才去分析。

attribute是各种文件属性，但是只在这里定义了*name, 和 mode， 但是其他文件的属性是远远不止这些的，所以linux允许子系统根据自身定义自己的属性，并且添加回调函数进行操作。kobj_ns_type_operations, 其中ns是namespace的意思。

 

比如device_attribute

struct device_attribute {
    struct attribute    attr;
    ssize_t (*show)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
            char *buf);
    ssize_t (*store)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
             const char *buf, size_t count);
};

int device_create_file(struct device *, const struct device_attribute *);
void device_remove_file(struct device *, const struct device_attribute *);

//简单的
static ssize_t show_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
                         char *buf)
{
    return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", dev->name);
}

static ssize_t store_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
                          const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        snprintf(dev->name, sizeof(dev->name), "%.*s",
                 (int)min(count, sizeof(dev->name) - 1), buf);
    return count;
}




#define to_dev(obj) container_of(obj, struct device, kobj)
#define to_dev_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct device_attribute, attr)

//稍微复杂的
static ssize_t dev_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
                             char *buf)
{
        struct device_attribute *dev_attr = to_dev_attr(attr);
        struct device *dev = to_dev(kobj);
        ssize_t ret = -EIO;

        if (dev_attr->show)
                ret = dev_attr->show(dev, dev_attr, buf);
        if (ret >= (ssize_t)PAGE_SIZE) {
                print_symbol("dev_attr_show: %s returned bad count\n",
                                (unsigned long)dev_attr->show);
        }
        return ret;
}

 

struct sysfs_dirent {
	atomic_t		s_count;
	atomic_t		s_active;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	struct lockdep_map	dep_map;
#endif
	struct sysfs_dirent	*s_parent;
	const char		*s_name;

	struct rb_node		s_rb;

	union {
		struct completion	*completion;
		struct sysfs_dirent	*removed_list;
	} u;

	const void		*s_ns; /* namespace tag */
	unsigned int		s_hash; /* ns + name hash */
	union {
		struct sysfs_elem_dir		s_dir;
		struct sysfs_elem_symlink	s_symlink;
		struct sysfs_elem_attr		s_attr;
		struct sysfs_elem_bin_attr	s_bin_attr;
	};

	unsigned short		s_flags;
	umode_t 		s_mode;
	unsigned int		s_ino;
	struct sysfs_inode_attrs *s_iattr;
};

 这里是sysfs的目录相关的，暂时先不看。

struct kref {
	atomic_t refcount;
};

kref是个原子操作，就定义了一个refcount，用于引用计数。kobject的关键功能之一是作为嵌入它的对象的引用计数器。只要对象的引用存在，对象(以及支持它的代码)就必须继续存在。操作kobject的引用计数的低级函数有:

struct kobject *kobject_get(struct kobject *kobj);
void kobject_put(struct kobject *kobj);

 

在/include/linux/kobject.h中可以浏览所有API的声明，

要使一个对象在sysfs文件系统中可见，需要调用kobject_add。

关键部分如下：

1    int kobject_set_name(struct kobject *kobj, const char *name, ...);

2    int kobject_set_name_vargs(struct kobject *kobj, const char *fmt,
				  va_list vargs);

3    static inline const char *kobject_name(const struct kobject *kobj)
{
	return kobj->name;
}

4    void kobject_init(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype);
//会调用这个函数进行初始化
17    static void kobject_init_internal(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (!kobj)
		return;
	kref_init(&kobj->kref);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kobj->entry);
	kobj->state_in_sysfs = 0;
	kobj->state_add_uevent_sent = 0;
	kobj->state_remove_uevent_sent = 0;
	kobj->state_initialized = 1;
    //只是初始化阶段，只有initialized状态位置1，其他都没发生，为0.
}

16   static int kobject_add_internal(struct kobject *kobj);//这个函数在kset_register中调用
5    int kobject_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *parent,
		const char *fmt, ...);

//kobject_add 很重要，这里给出源码
/**
 * kobject_add - the main kobject add function
 * @kobj: the kobject to add
 * @parent: pointer to the parent of the kobject.
 * @fmt: format to name the kobject with.
 *
 * The kobject name is set and added to the kobject hierarchy in this
 * function.
 *
 * If @parent is set, then the parent of the @kobj will be set to it.
 * If @parent is NULL, then the parent of the @kobj will be set to the
 * kobject associted with the kset assigned to this kobject.  If no kset
 * is assigned to the kobject, then the kobject will be located in the
 * root of the sysfs tree.
 *
 * If this function returns an error, kobject_put() must be called to
 * properly clean up the memory associated with the object.
 * Under no instance should the kobject that is passed to this function
 * be directly freed with a call to kfree(), that can leak memory.
 *
 * Note, no "add" uevent will be created with this call, the caller should set
 * up all of the necessary sysfs files for the object and then call
 * kobject_uevent() with the UEVENT_ADD parameter to ensure that
 * userspace is properly notified of this kobject's creation.
 */
int kobject_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *parent,
		const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	int retval;

	if (!kobj)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!kobj->state_initialized) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "kobject '%s' (%p): tried to add an "
		       "uninitialized object, something is seriously wrong.\n",
		       kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		dump_stack();
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	va_start(args, fmt);
	retval = kobject_add_varg(kobj, parent, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_add);


6    int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj,
			 struct kobj_type *ktype, struct kobject *parent,
			 const char *fmt, ...);

7    void kobject_del(struct kobject *kobj);

8    int __must_check kobject_rename(struct kobject *, const char *new_name);
9    int __must_check kobject_move(struct kobject *, struct kobject *);

10    struct kobject *kobject_get(struct kobject *kobj);
11    void kobject_put(struct kobject *kobj);

12    char *kobject_get_path(struct kobject *kobj, gfp_t flag);

13    int kobject_uevent(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action);
14    int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action,
			char *envp[]);

15    int kobject_action_type(const char *buf, size_t count,
			enum kobject_action *type);

 稍微看一下 初始化过程的调用关系

kobject_init_and_add， 和  kobj_kset_join是一个样子的关系图。

 

kobject_get_path的关系图：

kset的API

void kset_init(struct kset *k)
{
	kobject_init_internal(&k->kobj);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&k->list);
	spin_lock_init(&k->list_lock);
}

int kset_register(struct kset *k)
{
	int err;

	if (!k)
		return -EINVAL;

	kset_init(k);
	err = kobject_add_internal(&k->kobj);
	if (err)
		return err;
	kobject_uevent(&k->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);   //通知事件
	return 0;
}
/*
还有两点需要注意： 
1) 如果一个kobject的parent为NULL，那么，如果其加入了某个kset，则指定其父对象为kset的object，此时，这个kobject创建在kset的object目录下。 
2) 如果一个kobject的parent不为NULL，又加入了某个kset，此时，这个kobject创建在parent的目录下。这样一来，就可能出现一个对象加入了某个kset，但不在这个kset的目录（或子目录）下。
*/


//int __must_check kset_register(struct kset *kset);
void kset_unregister(struct kset *kset);


static struct kset *kset_create(const char *name,
				const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops,
				struct kobject *parent_kobj)
{
	struct kset *kset;
	int retval;

	kset = kzalloc(sizeof(*kset), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!kset)
		return NULL;
	retval = kobject_set_name(&kset->kobj, name);
	if (retval) {
		kfree(kset);
		return NULL;
	}
	kset->uevent_ops = uevent_ops;
	kset->kobj.parent = parent_kobj;

	/*
	 * The kobject of this kset will have a type of kset_ktype and belong to
	 * no kset itself.  That way we can properly free it when it is
	 * finished being used.
	 */
	kset->kobj.ktype = &kset_ktype;
	kset->kobj.kset = NULL;

	return kset;
}

struct kobject *kset_find_obj(struct kset *kset, const char *name)
{
	struct kobject *k;
	struct kobject *ret = NULL;

	spin_lock(&kset->list_lock);

	list_for_each_entry(k, &kset->list, entry) {
		if (kobject_name(k) && !strcmp(kobject_name(k), name)) {
			ret = kobject_get(k);
			break;
		}
	}

	spin_unlock(&kset->list_lock);
	return ret;
}


struct kset * __must_check kset_create_and_add(const char *name,
						const struct kset_uevent_ops *u,
						struct kobject *parent_kobj);


static inline struct kset *to_kset(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	return kobj ? container_of(kobj, struct kset, kobj) : NULL;
}

static inline struct kset *kset_get(struct kset *k)
{
	return k ? to_kset(kobject_get(&k->kobj)) : NULL;
}

static inline void kset_put(struct kset *k)
{
	kobject_put(&k->kobj);
}

static inline struct kobj_type *get_ktype(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	return kobj->ktype;
}

//struct kobject *kset_find_obj(struct kset *, const char *);

 

 

下面的结构框图参考自https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaojiang1025/p/6193959.html

kobject,kset是Linux设备管理中的基本结构体，但在实际操作中我们几乎不会实际操作这些结构，因为他们本身并不具有针对某一个具体设备或驱动的信息，在Linux内核中，这两个结构都是被包含具体的设备结构中，比如cdev，gendisk等，从面向对象的角度考虑，就是每一类设备都可以看作这两个结构的子类。
通过上面的分析，我们可以看出这三者之间的关系，并画出下面的结构框图，sysfs中的上目录结构就是根据kset之间的数据组织方式进行呈现的。

 

kobject.c  文件源码

/*
 * kobject.c - library routines for handling generic kernel objects
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Novell Inc.
 *
 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
 *
 *
 * Please see the file Documentation/kobject.txt for critical information
 * about using the kobject interface.
 */

#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

/*
 * populate_dir - populate directory with attributes.
 * @kobj: object we're working on.
 *
 * Most subsystems have a set of default attributes that are associated
 * with an object that registers with them.  This is a helper called during
 * object registration that loops through the default attributes of the
 * subsystem and creates attributes files for them in sysfs.
 *///填充目录
static int populate_dir(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct kobj_type *t = get_ktype(kobj);
	struct attribute *attr;
	int error = 0;
	int i;

	if (t && t->default_attrs) {
		for (i = 0; (attr = t->default_attrs[i]) != NULL; i++) {
			error = sysfs_create_file(kobj, attr);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
	}
	return error;
}

static int create_dir(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	int error = 0;
	if (kobject_name(kobj)) {
		error = sysfs_create_dir(kobj);
		if (!error) {
			error = populate_dir(kobj);
			if (error)
				sysfs_remove_dir(kobj);
		}
	}
	return error;
}

static int get_kobj_path_length(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	int length = 1;
	struct kobject *parent = kobj;

	/* walk up the ancestors until we hit the one pointing to the
	 * root.
	 * Add 1 to strlen for leading '/' of each level.
	 */
	do {
		if (kobject_name(parent) == NULL)
			return 0;
		length += strlen(kobject_name(parent)) + 1;
		parent = parent->parent;
	} while (parent);
	return length;
}

static void fill_kobj_path(struct kobject *kobj, char *path, int length)
{
	struct kobject *parent;

	--length;
	for (parent = kobj; parent; parent = parent->parent) {
		int cur = strlen(kobject_name(parent));
		/* back up enough to print this name with '/' */
		length -= cur;
		strncpy(path + length, kobject_name(parent), cur);
		*(path + --length) = '/';
	}

	pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: path = '%s'\n", kobject_name(kobj),
		 kobj, __func__, path);
}

/**
 * kobject_get_path - generate and return the path associated with a given kobj and kset pair.
 *
 * @kobj:	kobject in question, with which to build the path
 * @gfp_mask:	the allocation type used to allocate the path
 *
 * The result must be freed by the caller with kfree().
 */
char *kobject_get_path(struct kobject *kobj, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	char *path;
	int len;

	len = get_kobj_path_length(kobj);
	if (len == 0)
		return NULL;
	path = kzalloc(len, gfp_mask);
	if (!path)
		return NULL;
	fill_kobj_path(kobj, path, len);

	return path;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kobject_get_path);

/* add the kobject to its kset's list */
static void kobj_kset_join(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (!kobj->kset)
		return;

	kset_get(kobj->kset);
	spin_lock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
	list_add_tail(&kobj->entry, &kobj->kset->list);
	spin_unlock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
}

/* remove the kobject from its kset's list */
static void kobj_kset_leave(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (!kobj->kset)
		return;

	spin_lock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
	list_del_init(&kobj->entry);
	spin_unlock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
	kset_put(kobj->kset);
}

static void kobject_init_internal(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (!kobj)
		return;
	kref_init(&kobj->kref);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kobj->entry);
	kobj->state_in_sysfs = 0;
	kobj->state_add_uevent_sent = 0;
	kobj->state_remove_uevent_sent = 0;
	kobj->state_initialized = 1;
}


static int kobject_add_internal(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct kobject *parent;

	if (!kobj)
		return -ENOENT;

	if (!kobj->name || !kobj->name[0]) {
		WARN(1, "kobject: (%p): attempted to be registered with empty "
			 "name!\n", kobj);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	parent = kobject_get(kobj->parent);

	/* join kset if set, use it as parent if we do not already have one */
	if (kobj->kset) {
		if (!parent)
			parent = kobject_get(&kobj->kset->kobj);
		kobj_kset_join(kobj);
		kobj->parent = parent;
	}

	pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: parent: '%s', set: '%s'\n",
		 kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__,
		 parent ? kobject_name(parent) : "<NULL>",
		 kobj->kset ? kobject_name(&kobj->kset->kobj) : "<NULL>");

	error = create_dir(kobj);
	if (error) {
		kobj_kset_leave(kobj);
		kobject_put(parent);
		kobj->parent = NULL;

		/* be noisy on error issues */
		if (error == -EEXIST)
			WARN(1, "%s failed for %s with "
			     "-EEXIST, don't try to register things with "
			     "the same name in the same directory.\n",
			     __func__, kobject_name(kobj));
		else
			WARN(1, "%s failed for %s (error: %d parent: %s)\n",
			     __func__, kobject_name(kobj), error,
			     parent ? kobject_name(parent) : "'none'");
	} else
		kobj->state_in_sysfs = 1;

	return error;
}

/**
 * kobject_set_name_vargs - Set the name of an kobject
 * @kobj: struct kobject to set the name of
 * @fmt: format string used to build the name
 * @vargs: vargs to format the string.
 */
int kobject_set_name_vargs(struct kobject *kobj, const char *fmt,
				  va_list vargs)
{
	const char *old_name = kobj->name;
	char *s;

	if (kobj->name && !fmt)
		return 0;

	kobj->name = kvasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, fmt, vargs);
	if (!kobj->name)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* ewww... some of these buggers have '/' in the name ... */
	while ((s = strchr(kobj->name, '/')))
		s[0] = '!';

	kfree(old_name);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * kobject_set_name - Set the name of a kobject
 * @kobj: struct kobject to set the name of
 * @fmt: format string used to build the name
 *
 * This sets the name of the kobject.  If you have already added the
 * kobject to the system, you must call kobject_rename() in order to
 * change the name of the kobject.
 */
int kobject_set_name(struct kobject *kobj, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list vargs;
	int retval;

	va_start(vargs, fmt);
	retval = kobject_set_name_vargs(kobj, fmt, vargs);
	va_end(vargs);

	return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_set_name);

/**
 * kobject_init - initialize a kobject structure
 * @kobj: pointer to the kobject to initialize
 * @ktype: pointer to the ktype for this kobject.
 *
 * This function will properly initialize a kobject such that it can then
 * be passed to the kobject_add() call.
 *
 * After this function is called, the kobject MUST be cleaned up by a call
 * to kobject_put(), not by a call to kfree directly to ensure that all of
 * the memory is cleaned up properly.
 */
void kobject_init(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype)
{
	char *err_str;

	if (!kobj) {
		err_str = "invalid kobject pointer!";
		goto error;
	}
	if (!ktype) {
		err_str = "must have a ktype to be initialized properly!\n";
		goto error;
	}
	if (kobj->state_initialized) {
		/* do not error out as sometimes we can recover */
		printk(KERN_ERR "kobject (%p): tried to init an initialized "
		       "object, something is seriously wrong.\n", kobj);
		dump_stack();
	}

	kobject_init_internal(kobj);
	kobj->ktype = ktype;
	return;

error:
	printk(KERN_ERR "kobject (%p): %s\n", kobj, err_str);
	dump_stack();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_init);

static int kobject_add_varg(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *parent,
			    const char *fmt, va_list vargs)
{
	int retval;

	retval = kobject_set_name_vargs(kobj, fmt, vargs);
	if (retval) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "kobject: can not set name properly!\n");
		return retval;
	}
	kobj->parent = parent;
	return kobject_add_internal(kobj);
}

/**
 * kobject_add - the main kobject add function
 * @kobj: the kobject to add
 * @parent: pointer to the parent of the kobject.
 * @fmt: format to name the kobject with.
 *
 * The kobject name is set and added to the kobject hierarchy in this
 * function.
 *
 * If @parent is set, then the parent of the @kobj will be set to it.
 * If @parent is NULL, then the parent of the @kobj will be set to the
 * kobject associted with the kset assigned to this kobject.  If no kset
 * is assigned to the kobject, then the kobject will be located in the
 * root of the sysfs tree.
 *
 * If this function returns an error, kobject_put() must be called to
 * properly clean up the memory associated with the object.
 * Under no instance should the kobject that is passed to this function
 * be directly freed with a call to kfree(), that can leak memory.
 *
 * Note, no "add" uevent will be created with this call, the caller should set
 * up all of the necessary sysfs files for the object and then call
 * kobject_uevent() with the UEVENT_ADD parameter to ensure that
 * userspace is properly notified of this kobject's creation.
 */
int kobject_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *parent,
		const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	int retval;

	if (!kobj)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!kobj->state_initialized) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "kobject '%s' (%p): tried to add an "
		       "uninitialized object, something is seriously wrong.\n",
		       kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		dump_stack();
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	va_start(args, fmt);
	retval = kobject_add_varg(kobj, parent, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_add);

/**
 * kobject_init_and_add - initialize a kobject structure and add it to the kobject hierarchy
 * @kobj: pointer to the kobject to initialize
 * @ktype: pointer to the ktype for this kobject.
 * @parent: pointer to the parent of this kobject.
 * @fmt: the name of the kobject.
 *
 * This function combines the call to kobject_init() and
 * kobject_add().  The same type of error handling after a call to
 * kobject_add() and kobject lifetime rules are the same here.
 */
int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype,
			 struct kobject *parent, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	int retval;

	kobject_init(kobj, ktype);

	va_start(args, fmt);
	retval = kobject_add_varg(kobj, parent, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kobject_init_and_add);

/**
 * kobject_rename - change the name of an object
 * @kobj: object in question.
 * @new_name: object's new name
 *
 * It is the responsibility of the caller to provide mutual
 * exclusion between two different calls of kobject_rename
 * on the same kobject and to ensure that new_name is valid and
 * won't conflict with other kobjects.
 */
int kobject_rename(struct kobject *kobj, const char *new_name)
{
	int error = 0;
	const char *devpath = NULL;
	const char *dup_name = NULL, *name;
	char *devpath_string = NULL;
	char *envp[2];

	kobj = kobject_get(kobj);
	if (!kobj)
		return -EINVAL;
	if (!kobj->parent)
		return -EINVAL;

	devpath = kobject_get_path(kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!devpath) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	devpath_string = kmalloc(strlen(devpath) + 15, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!devpath_string) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	sprintf(devpath_string, "DEVPATH_OLD=%s", devpath);
	envp[0] = devpath_string;
	envp[1] = NULL;

	name = dup_name = kstrdup(new_name, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!name) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	error = sysfs_rename_dir(kobj, new_name);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	/* Install the new kobject name */
	dup_name = kobj->name;
	kobj->name = name;

	/* This function is mostly/only used for network interface.
	 * Some hotplug package track interfaces by their name and
	 * therefore want to know when the name is changed by the user. */
	kobject_uevent_env(kobj, KOBJ_MOVE, envp);

out:
	kfree(dup_name);
	kfree(devpath_string);
	kfree(devpath);
	kobject_put(kobj);

	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kobject_rename);

/**
 * kobject_move - move object to another parent
 * @kobj: object in question.
 * @new_parent: object's new parent (can be NULL)
 */
int kobject_move(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *new_parent)
{
	int error;
	struct kobject *old_parent;
	const char *devpath = NULL;
	char *devpath_string = NULL;
	char *envp[2];

	kobj = kobject_get(kobj);
	if (!kobj)
		return -EINVAL;
	new_parent = kobject_get(new_parent);
	if (!new_parent) {
		if (kobj->kset)
			new_parent = kobject_get(&kobj->kset->kobj);
	}
	/* old object path */
	devpath = kobject_get_path(kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!devpath) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	devpath_string = kmalloc(strlen(devpath) + 15, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!devpath_string) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	sprintf(devpath_string, "DEVPATH_OLD=%s", devpath);
	envp[0] = devpath_string;
	envp[1] = NULL;
	error = sysfs_move_dir(kobj, new_parent);
	if (error)
		goto out;
	old_parent = kobj->parent;
	kobj->parent = new_parent;
	new_parent = NULL;
	kobject_put(old_parent);
	kobject_uevent_env(kobj, KOBJ_MOVE, envp);
out:
	kobject_put(new_parent);
	kobject_put(kobj);
	kfree(devpath_string);
	kfree(devpath);
	return error;
}

/**
 * kobject_del - unlink kobject from hierarchy.
 * @kobj: object.
 */
void kobject_del(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (!kobj)
		return;

	sysfs_remove_dir(kobj);
	kobj->state_in_sysfs = 0;
	kobj_kset_leave(kobj);
	kobject_put(kobj->parent);
	kobj->parent = NULL;
}

/**
 * kobject_get - increment refcount for object.
 * @kobj: object.
 */
struct kobject *kobject_get(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (kobj)
		kref_get(&kobj->kref);
	return kobj;
}

/*
 * kobject_cleanup - free kobject resources.
 * @kobj: object to cleanup
 */
static void kobject_cleanup(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct kobj_type *t = get_ktype(kobj);
	const char *name = kobj->name;

	pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s\n",
		 kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__);

	if (t && !t->release)
		pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): does not have a release() "
			 "function, it is broken and must be fixed.\n",
			 kobject_name(kobj), kobj);

	/* send "remove" if the caller did not do it but sent "add" */
	if (kobj->state_add_uevent_sent && !kobj->state_remove_uevent_sent) {
		pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): auto cleanup 'remove' event\n",
			 kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		kobject_uevent(kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
	}

	/* remove from sysfs if the caller did not do it */
	if (kobj->state_in_sysfs) {
		pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): auto cleanup kobject_del\n",
			 kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		kobject_del(kobj);
	}

	if (t && t->release) {
		pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): calling ktype release\n",
			 kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		t->release(kobj);
	}

	/* free name if we allocated it */
	if (name) {
		pr_debug("kobject: '%s': free name\n", name);
		kfree(name);
	}
}

static void kobject_release(struct kref *kref)
{
	kobject_cleanup(container_of(kref, struct kobject, kref));
}

/**
 * kobject_put - decrement refcount for object.
 * @kobj: object.
 *
 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call kobject_cleanup().
 */
void kobject_put(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	if (kobj) {
		if (!kobj->state_initialized)
			WARN(1, KERN_WARNING "kobject: '%s' (%p): is not "
			       "initialized, yet kobject_put() is being "
			       "called.\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj);
		kref_put(&kobj->kref, kobject_release);
	}
}

static void dynamic_kobj_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	pr_debug("kobject: (%p): %s\n", kobj, __func__);
	kfree(kobj);
}

static struct kobj_type dynamic_kobj_ktype = {
	.release	= dynamic_kobj_release,
	.sysfs_ops	= &kobj_sysfs_ops,
};

/**
 * kobject_create - create a struct kobject dynamically
 *
 * This function creates a kobject structure dynamically and sets it up
 * to be a "dynamic" kobject with a default release function set up.
 *
 * If the kobject was not able to be created, NULL will be returned.
 * The kobject structure returned from here must be cleaned up with a
 * call to kobject_put() and not kfree(), as kobject_init() has
 * already been called on this structure.
 */
struct kobject *kobject_create(void)
{
	struct kobject *kobj;

	kobj = kzalloc(sizeof(*kobj), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!kobj)
		return NULL;

	kobject_init(kobj, &dynamic_kobj_ktype);
	return kobj;
}

/**
 * kobject_create_and_add - create a struct kobject dynamically and register it with sysfs
 *
 * @name: the name for the kset
 * @parent: the parent kobject of this kobject, if any.
 *
 * This function creates a kobject structure dynamically and registers it
 * with sysfs.  When you are finished with this structure, call
 * kobject_put() and the structure will be dynamically freed when
 * it is no longer being used.
 *
 * If the kobject was not able to be created, NULL will be returned.
 */
struct kobject *kobject_create_and_add(const char *name, struct kobject *parent)
{
	struct kobject *kobj;
	int retval;

	kobj = kobject_create();
	if (!kobj)
		return NULL;

	retval = kobject_add(kobj, parent, "%s", name);
	if (retval) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: kobject_add error: %d\n",
		       __func__, retval);
		kobject_put(kobj);
		kobj = NULL;
	}
	return kobj;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kobject_create_and_add);

/**
 * kset_init - initialize a kset for use
 * @k: kset
 */
void kset_init(struct kset *k)
{
	kobject_init_internal(&k->kobj);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&k->list);
	spin_lock_init(&k->list_lock);
}

/* default kobject attribute operations */
static ssize_t kobj_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
			      char *buf)
{
	struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
	if (kattr->show)
		ret = kattr->show(kobj, kattr, buf);
	return ret;
}

static ssize_t kobj_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
			       const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
	if (kattr->store)
		ret = kattr->store(kobj, kattr, buf, count);
	return ret;
}

const struct sysfs_ops kobj_sysfs_ops = {
	.show	= kobj_attr_show,
	.store	= kobj_attr_store,
};

/**
 * kset_register - initialize and add a kset.
 * @k: kset.
 */
int kset_register(struct kset *k)
{
	int err;

	if (!k)
		return -EINVAL;

	kset_init(k);
	err = kobject_add_internal(&k->kobj);
	if (err)
		return err;
	kobject_uevent(&k->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * kset_unregister - remove a kset.
 * @k: kset.
 */
void kset_unregister(struct kset *k)
{
	if (!k)
		return;
	kobject_put(&k->kobj);
}

/**
 * kset_find_obj - search for object in kset.
 * @kset: kset we're looking in.
 * @name: object's name.
 *
 * Lock kset via @kset->subsys, and iterate over @kset->list,
 * looking for a matching kobject. If matching object is found
 * take a reference and return the object.
 */
struct kobject *kset_find_obj(struct kset *kset, const char *name)
{
	struct kobject *k;
	struct kobject *ret = NULL;

	spin_lock(&kset->list_lock);

	list_for_each_entry(k, &kset->list, entry) {
		if (kobject_name(k) && !strcmp(kobject_name(k), name)) {
			ret = kobject_get(k);
			break;
		}
	}

	spin_unlock(&kset->list_lock);
	return ret;
}

static void kset_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct kset *kset = container_of(kobj, struct kset, kobj);
	pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s\n",
		 kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__);
	kfree(kset);
}

static struct kobj_type kset_ktype = {
	.sysfs_ops	= &kobj_sysfs_ops,
	.release = kset_release,
};

/**
 * kset_create - create a struct kset dynamically
 *
 * @name: the name for the kset
 * @uevent_ops: a struct kset_uevent_ops for the kset
 * @parent_kobj: the parent kobject of this kset, if any.
 *
 * This function creates a kset structure dynamically.  This structure can
 * then be registered with the system and show up in sysfs with a call to
 * kset_register().  When you are finished with this structure, if
 * kset_register() has been called, call kset_unregister() and the
 * structure will be dynamically freed when it is no longer being used.
 *
 * If the kset was not able to be created, NULL will be returned.
 */
static struct kset *kset_create(const char *name,
				const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops,
				struct kobject *parent_kobj)
{
	struct kset *kset;
	int retval;

	kset = kzalloc(sizeof(*kset), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!kset)
		return NULL;
	retval = kobject_set_name(&kset->kobj, name);
	if (retval) {
		kfree(kset);
		return NULL;
	}
	kset->uevent_ops = uevent_ops;
	kset->kobj.parent = parent_kobj;

	/*
	 * The kobject of this kset will have a type of kset_ktype and belong to
	 * no kset itself.  That way we can properly free it when it is
	 * finished being used.
	 */
	kset->kobj.ktype = &kset_ktype;
	kset->kobj.kset = NULL;

	return kset;
}

/**
 * kset_create_and_add - create a struct kset dynamically and add it to sysfs
 *
 * @name: the name for the kset
 * @uevent_ops: a struct kset_uevent_ops for the kset
 * @parent_kobj: the parent kobject of this kset, if any.
 *
 * This function creates a kset structure dynamically and registers it
 * with sysfs.  When you are finished with this structure, call
 * kset_unregister() and the structure will be dynamically freed when it
 * is no longer being used.
 *
 * If the kset was not able to be created, NULL will be returned.
 */
struct kset *kset_create_and_add(const char *name,
				 const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops,
				 struct kobject *parent_kobj)
{
	struct kset *kset;
	int error;

	kset = kset_create(name, uevent_ops, parent_kobj);
	if (!kset)
		return NULL;
	error = kset_register(kset);
	if (error) {
		kfree(kset);
		return NULL;
	}
	return kset;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kset_create_and_add);


static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(kobj_ns_type_lock);
static const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *kobj_ns_ops_tbl[KOBJ_NS_TYPES];

int kobj_ns_type_register(const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ops)
{
	enum kobj_ns_type type = ops->type;
	int error;

	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);

	error = -EINVAL;
	if (type >= KOBJ_NS_TYPES)
		goto out;

	error = -EINVAL;
	if (type <= KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE)
		goto out;

	error = -EBUSY;
	if (kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type])
		goto out;

	error = 0;
	kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type] = ops;

out:
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	return error;
}

int kobj_ns_type_registered(enum kobj_ns_type type)
{
	int registered = 0;

	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	if ((type > KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE) && (type < KOBJ_NS_TYPES))
		registered = kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type] != NULL;
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);

	return registered;
}

const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *kobj_child_ns_ops(struct kobject *parent)
{
	const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ops = NULL;

	if (parent && parent->ktype->child_ns_type)
		ops = parent->ktype->child_ns_type(parent);

	return ops;
}

const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *kobj_ns_ops(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	return kobj_child_ns_ops(kobj->parent);
}


void *kobj_ns_grab_current(enum kobj_ns_type type)
{
	void *ns = NULL;

	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	if ((type > KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE) && (type < KOBJ_NS_TYPES) &&
	    kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type])
		ns = kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type]->grab_current_ns();
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);

	return ns;
}

const void *kobj_ns_netlink(enum kobj_ns_type type, struct sock *sk)
{
	const void *ns = NULL;

	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	if ((type > KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE) && (type < KOBJ_NS_TYPES) &&
	    kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type])
		ns = kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type]->netlink_ns(sk);
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);

	return ns;
}

const void *kobj_ns_initial(enum kobj_ns_type type)
{
	const void *ns = NULL;

	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	if ((type > KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE) && (type < KOBJ_NS_TYPES) &&
	    kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type])
		ns = kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type]->initial_ns();
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);

	return ns;
}

void kobj_ns_drop(enum kobj_ns_type type, void *ns)
{
	spin_lock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
	if ((type > KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE) && (type < KOBJ_NS_TYPES) &&
	    kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type] && kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type]->drop_ns)
		kobj_ns_ops_tbl[type]->drop_ns(ns);
	spin_unlock(&kobj_ns_type_lock);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_get);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_put);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kobject_del);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(kset_register);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kset_unregister);