读写锁是为了帮助解决多线程中读操作和写操作分离而设计的。想象一下,如果在系统中,读操作远远大于写操作,而每一次写操作进行时,别的写操作也要等待,这样对系统的性能会有很大的影响。ReadWriteLock是JDK5开始提供的读写分离锁。
读写锁允许多个线程同时读,是的读线程可以真正的并行。但是考虑到数据的完整性,读操作和写操作是一定要互斥的。看一下读写锁的访问约束情况:
Read | Write | |
---|---|---|
Read | UnBlock | Block |
Write | Block | Block |
来看一下具体的使用例子
1. 获取读写锁
通过ReentrantReadWriteLock这个类的readLock()方法和writeLock()方法分别拿到读锁和写锁
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //普通的可重入锁
private static ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();//读写分离锁
private static Lock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
private static Lock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
2. 为读操作和写操作加锁
public Object handleRead(Lock lock) throws InterruptedException {
try {
lock.lock();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("ReadThread : "+Thread.currentThread().getId() + " | value = "+value);
return value;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void handleWrite(Lock lock,int value) throws InterruptedException {
try {
lock.lock();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("WriteThread : "+Thread.currentThread().getId() + " | value = "+value);
this.value = value;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
3. 测试代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ReadWriteLockTest test = new ReadWriteLockTest();
Runnable readRunnable = new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try{
test.handleRead(readLock);
//对比使用一般的锁
//test.handleRead(lock);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
};
Runnable writeRunnable = new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try{
test.handleWrite(writeLock,new Random().nextInt());
//对比使用一般的锁
//test.handleWrite(lock,new Random().nextInt());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
};
new Thread(writeRunnable).start();
for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
new Thread(readRunnable).start();
}
new Thread(writeRunnable).start();
}
运行代码之后发现使用读写锁的时候,会有多个读操作并发执行,然后等待一秒执行写操作。而使用普通的可重入锁,则不管读操作还是写操作,都要等待一秒才能继续执行。
THE END.